<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817</id><updated>2012-01-27T10:22:19.346+05:30</updated><category term='Infographics'/><category term='Google Maps'/><category term='Diary'/><category term='History'/><category term='Cartoon'/><category term='वाचनालय'/><category term='Military'/><category term='Photo Gallery'/><category term='Science'/><category term='Video'/><category term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>Prakash Shenoy's Diary</title><subtitle type='html'>असतो मा सद्गमय ॥ तमसो मा ज्योतिर्गमय ॥ मृत्योर् मा अमृतं गमय</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>71</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-3675249736446448379</id><published>2012-01-24T19:19:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2012-01-24T19:37:20.804+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>Now Reading</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span &gt;A Short Histrory of the World&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;b&gt;by &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span &gt;&lt;b&gt;H. G. Wells&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f7bd3LQqCX0/Tx66ur0kpRI/AAAAAAAABAw/Wvk8I_9M5II/s1600/H.%2BG.%2BWells%2B-%2BA%2BShort%2BHistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BWorld.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 200px; height: 300px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f7bd3LQqCX0/Tx66ur0kpRI/AAAAAAAABAw/Wvk8I_9M5II/s400/H.%2BG.%2BWells%2B-%2BA%2BShort%2BHistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BWorld.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5701199489497605394" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight:bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-3675249736446448379?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/3675249736446448379/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=3675249736446448379' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3675249736446448379'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3675249736446448379'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2012/01/now-reading.html' title='Now Reading'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f7bd3LQqCX0/Tx66ur0kpRI/AAAAAAAABAw/Wvk8I_9M5II/s72-c/H.%2BG.%2BWells%2B-%2BA%2BShort%2BHistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2BWorld.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4688795365992887375</id><published>2012-01-24T18:51:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2012-01-24T19:38:44.962+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>The New Cambridge History of India - Vijaynagar by Burton Stein(Rating : **)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rwZP0SUhK0s/Tx60nsqM6bI/AAAAAAAABAk/dSQ1RKH94R8/s1600/Burton%2BStein%2B-%2BThe%2BNew%2BCambridge%2BHistory%2Bof%2BIndia%2B-%2BVijaynagar.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rwZP0SUhK0s/Tx60nsqM6bI/AAAAAAAABAk/dSQ1RKH94R8/s400/Burton%2BStein%2B-%2BThe%2BNew%2BCambridge%2BHistory%2Bof%2BIndia%2B-%2BVijaynagar.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5701192772393691570" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;From childhood I was quite curious to know more about the history of the Vijayanagara empire. Our high-school text-books on history barely touched upon the rise and the fall of this great empire that ruled over almost all of southern India for about three centuries beginning in the 14th century. We picked up Burton Stein's “The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara” mainly because at about 150 pages it looked like a more manageable read than the other such books. It was also far more recent than the other books and therefore had a much better chance of incorporating the findings from recent research into this aspect of Indian history.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The book turned out to be a serious study of the history of the Vijayanagara empire as well as a commentary on the published literature on this topic. It seems therefore to be better suited for students of history than the general public and it does get dull at times. That does not mean that it does not have fascinating information for the patient lay reader. This is especially true for those in India since the history generally taught to us in our schools is quite lopsided.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The main focus of the author is on the economic, political and social factors affecting the rise and the fall of this empire. Reliable collection of taxes over such a vast and disparate region coupled with the pressure on the treasury by the need to maintain a full-time professional army made for tricky economics. Since this empire was ruled over by three separate dynasties coming into power via means such as usurpation, there is plenty of politics to go over. An empire like this that ruled over a diverse population speaking Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Tulu spread over the entire Indian peninsula meant that local chieftains were both necessary as well as threatening for running the empire. Finally, the empire was constantly threatened by bordering kingdoms. It was therefore quite amazing that the empire survived and thrived for as long as it did. Quite remarkably, the book shows that the very factors that enabled the empire to form and sustain itself ultimately led to its downfall. The book is quite pro-british in nature which tries to emphasise that Indian politics at that time was utter chaos until British came and brought Integrity, Order and Descipline to India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To fully appreciate the book, you should have some familiarity with the other main dynasties that ruled over parts of southern India like the Chalukyas, the Cholas and the Pandyas. There are extensive bibliographic references in this book for the serious student of history. Having visited Hampi is not a pre-requisite for reading this book, though it definitely helps in appreciating the few plates that are there. There is not much information about the flourishing of art in this empire as is evident from the ruins of Hampi - you will have to look elsewhere if you are interested in that aspect of the empire.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Vijayanagara rajas ruled a substantial part of the southern peninsula of India for over three hundred years, beginning in the mid-fourteenth century. During this epoch the region was transformed from its medieval past toward a modern colonial future. Concentrating on the later sixteenth- and seventeenth-century history of Vijayanagara, this book details the pattern of rule established in this important and long-lived Hindu kingdom that was followed by other, often smaller kingdoms of peninsular India until the onset of colonialism. Through an analysis of the politics, society, and economy of Vijayanagara, the author addresses the central question of the extent to which Vijayanagara, as a medieval Hindu kingdom, can be viewed as a prototype of the polities and societies confronted by the British in the late eighteenth century. The book thus presents an understanding and appreciation of one of the great medieval kingdoms of India as well as a more general assessment of the nature of the state, society, and culture on the eve of European colonial rule.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Concentrating on the later sixteenth- and seventeenth-century history of Vijayanagara, Burton Stein details the pattern of rule established in this important and long-lived Hindu kingdom, which was followed by other, often smaller, kingdoms of peninsular India until the onset of colonialism. Stein addresses the central question of the extent to which Vijayanagara, as a medieval Hindu kingdom can be viewed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Burton Stein has contributed to The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara as an author. At the time of his death Burton Stein was Professorial Research Associate in History at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London. He had previously held professorships at the universities of Minnesota and Hawaii. His publications included "Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India" (1980) and "Thomas Munro: The Origins of the Colonial State and his Vision of Empire "(1989).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4688795365992887375?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4688795365992887375/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4688795365992887375' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4688795365992887375'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4688795365992887375'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2012/01/burton-stein-new-cambridge-history-of.html' title='The New Cambridge History of India - Vijaynagar by Burton Stein(Rating : **)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rwZP0SUhK0s/Tx60nsqM6bI/AAAAAAAABAk/dSQ1RKH94R8/s72-c/Burton%2BStein%2B-%2BThe%2BNew%2BCambridge%2BHistory%2Bof%2BIndia%2B-%2BVijaynagar.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-6775352678018460195</id><published>2012-01-22T18:16:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2012-01-22T18:49:55.595+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Infographics'/><title type='text'>कोडॅक दिवाळखोरीच्या उंबरठ्यावर</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bPtaESbsN1I/TxwKwCZ6YfI/AAAAAAAABAY/ywxSAwq-fHA/s1600/Kodak.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 335px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bPtaESbsN1I/TxwKwCZ6YfI/AAAAAAAABAY/ywxSAwq-fHA/s400/Kodak.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5700443048739758578" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-6775352678018460195?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/6775352678018460195/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=6775352678018460195' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6775352678018460195'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6775352678018460195'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2012/01/blog-post.html' title='कोडॅक दिवाळखोरीच्या उंबरठ्यावर'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bPtaESbsN1I/TxwKwCZ6YfI/AAAAAAAABAY/ywxSAwq-fHA/s72-c/Kodak.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-1597334086648405768</id><published>2011-11-08T23:11:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2011-11-08T23:24:11.435+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Science'/><title type='text'>Asteroid closes in on Earth fly-by</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8zKWMFKmcCk/TrlsRtuLgRI/AAAAAAAABAI/kvRTUR1F840/s1600/Yu55.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px; height:;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8zKWMFKmcCk/TrlsRtuLgRI/AAAAAAAABAI/kvRTUR1F840/s400/Yu55.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5672684257236713746" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;A big asteroid is set to make its closest flyby of Earth in 200 years on Tuesday, but there is no chance of a crash landing when it zips by our planet, NASA said. Astronomers have aimed their telescopes to catch a glimpse of the 2005 YU55 asteroid, which will not be visible to the naked eye, when it makes its closest approach to Earth at 6:28 pm (1128 GMT).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 1,300 feet (400 meter) wide asteroid often travels in the vicinity of the Earth, Mars and Venus, but "the 2011 encounter with Earth is the closest it has come for at least the last 200 years," the US space agency said. Other asteroids of this size pass by Earth more frequently, though the last such event happened in 1976 and the next will not happen again until 2028 when as asteroid called 2001 WN5 will skim about halfway between the Moon and Earth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This asteroid is expected to pass a bit further away; about .85 times the distance of the Moon to the Earth, or a distance of 202,000 miles (325,000 kilometers). "2005 YU55 is one of the potentially hazardous asteroids that make close approaches from time to time because their orbits either approach or intersect the orbit of the Earth," said Robert McMillan, an associate research scientist at the University of Arizona.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;McMillan discovered the asteroid in 2005 as part of the university's Spacewatch Project, a solar-system-scanning group of scientists near Tucson, Arizona. However, astronomers know from analyzing the trajectory of the asteroid that it will not hit Earth this time. The asteroid's next closest pass is set to take place in 2094, at a distance of 167,000 miles (269,000 kilometers), according to forecasts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The observations will give us a piece of the puzzle, one we don't get many chances to see," said Don Yeomans of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory."At one time, we thought these were the asteroids that delivered carbon and other elements to the early Earth, so they are pretty important."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;NASA said radar observations from the Arecibo Planetary Radar Facility in Puerto Rico have already begun as the asteroid closes in on its approach. While the charcoal-colored, circular asteroid's visit has scientists excited for the chance to get a closer look, most Earthlings probably will not notice a thing. "The gravitational influence of the asteroid will have no detectable effect on Earth, including tides and tectonic plates," NASA said.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-1597334086648405768?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/1597334086648405768/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=1597334086648405768' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1597334086648405768'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1597334086648405768'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2011/11/asteroid-closes-in-on-earth-fly-by.html' title='Asteroid closes in on Earth fly-by'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8zKWMFKmcCk/TrlsRtuLgRI/AAAAAAAABAI/kvRTUR1F840/s72-c/Yu55.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4122083862463363090</id><published>2011-11-08T23:01:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2011-11-08T23:09:10.585+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>Coming soon: e-bomb to 'numb' enemy</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OSVsVh5Aa0A/Trlo-ZDADiI/AAAAAAAAA_8/Xz5eYoEkK1k/s1600/E-Bomb.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px; height:;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OSVsVh5Aa0A/Trlo-ZDADiI/AAAAAAAAA_8/Xz5eYoEkK1k/s400/E-Bomb.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5672680626734501410" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;In the not too distant future, Indian armed forces would be equipped with "e-bomb", courtesy Terminal Ballistic and Research Laboratory (TBRL), one of the top defence research and development laboratories in the country.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stated to be most lethal weapon after nuclear bombs, the TBRL is expected to finish the R&amp;D work on the project within the 12th plan period.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Located on the outskirts of Chandigarh, the lone ballistic laboratory of Defence Research and Development Organisation ( DRDO), TBRL has developed the technology and is working on a weapon, which would be capable of neutralising the command, control and communication systems of the enemy. Confirming the development, TBRL director Dr Manjit Singh told TOI that such weapon would be capable of causing huge destruction, without affecting humans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It would be equally capable of damaging the communication system and other technologies ensuring maximum and sudden setback to the enemy," Singh added.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He said that the technology of 'e-bomb' or 'electromagnetic bomb' would be based on explosive-driven high-energy pulse power technology and can be deployed against enemy's other establishments like civil utility networks and power generation networks, to name a few.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A P S Sodhi, senior scientist of TBRL working on the project, said that to develop electromagnetic bombs, they are using explosive-driven high-energy pulse power technology, which can produce a pulse current of peak value 1.4 mega ampere from chemical energy released by 2.8 kg of high explosives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The information about the 'e-bomb' was shared by TBRL scientists on Monday on the sidelines of a gathering called to apprise about an international conference which the organization is holding from November 10 to 12 at its field laboratory in Ramgarh near Panchkula. Leading global experts from India, USA, Israel UK, Russia, Germany, Australia, Ukraine, Czech Republic and Poland, among other countries, who will be sharing their expertise and knowledge on the latest technologies now in use in the world as well as the latest trends in research on a host of sensitive subjects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The conference has been organised by High Energy Materials Society of India (HEMSI) with a view to help in strengthening country's defence, space and internal security system.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4122083862463363090?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4122083862463363090/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4122083862463363090' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4122083862463363090'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4122083862463363090'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2011/11/coming-soon-e-bomb-to-numb-enemy.html' title='Coming soon: e-bomb to &apos;numb&apos; enemy'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OSVsVh5Aa0A/Trlo-ZDADiI/AAAAAAAAA_8/Xz5eYoEkK1k/s72-c/E-Bomb.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4149635660060324958</id><published>2011-10-30T20:56:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2011-10-30T21:03:06.680+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>Credibility of Indian Navy</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8gc8irCrX00/Tq1tdnA8gHI/AAAAAAAAA_w/ApUmhon3O_0/s1600/Navy.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px; height: px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8gc8irCrX00/Tq1tdnA8gHI/AAAAAAAAA_w/ApUmhon3O_0/s400/Navy.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5669307861385904242" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;In 1962, as tension began to mount, with an increase in Chinese Army intrusions on the Indo-China border, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, before embarking on a flight abroad reportedly told the media that he had 'ordered the (ill-equipped and ill-prepared) Indian Army to throw the Chinese out'. These famous last words led to independent India’s first and only disastrous military defeat. History now appears to be repeating itself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In July 2011, a Chinese warship confronted an Indian navy ship Airavat shortly after it left a Vietnamese port in the South China Sea. The unidentified Chinese warship demanded that INS Airavat, an amphibious assault ship, identify itself and explain its presence in what it said were Chinese waters, shortly after it completed a scheduled port call in Vietnam. This incident indicates that Indo-China rivalry is now moving to the oceans, much earlier than anticipated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India’s ministry of external affairs (MEA) has acted with unusual alacrity in two important areas — agreeing to train the Afghan Army, while also going ahead with the ONGC’s plan for oil exploration in the Vietnamese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the South China Sea, which China claims as its own waters. The MEA and the ministry of defence (MoD) should have been advised by the Indian Navy on the inadequate force levels available to deal with the emerging scenarios in the Indian Ocean region and the Asia Pacific region. The MEA and the MoD must be aware of the dozens of Chinese incursions along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India has given repeated explanations that frequent Chinese air and land incursions are due to 'perceptional differences' over the contested LAC. This has further emboldened China, which respects only a combination of military, diplomatic and economic power. In pure strategic terms there is nothing wrong with India “training the Afghan military” and also exploring for oil and minerals there. But it should first ensure that the Indian Army gets the money to buy critically needed artillery guns, improve border roads and induct additional troops needed to man the Indo-China LAC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Similarly, on the maritime front, there is nothing wrong with the ONGC Videsh Ltd, exploring for oil in the South China Sea, or 'mandating' the Indian Navy to provide security to the island nations of the Indian Ocean region provided the Indian Navy gets the additional forces. Even the powerful US Navy has been treading with caution in the Asia Pacific region, given China’s huge deployable air and sea power. What will India do if the ONGC exploratory rig is 'blown up' by an unexplained explosion in the South China Sea in a repeat of the 2010 'Cheonan' incident, where a North Korean submarine sank a South Korean warship in the Yellow Sea, but nothing could be done despite 'available proof'?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To put things in perspective, the Indian Navy currently has sufficient forces to tackle piracy, counter maritime terror and meet its coastal security needs. To provide a sustained 'credible' presence by a single aircraft carrier battle group in the Asia Pacific Region, the Indian Navy will need to create a dedicated “APR Maritime Task Force” and a “logistics base” in Vietnam. Raising and equipping an 'APR Maritime Task Force' will need time and billions of dollars. The Indian Navy will need more capability in the Indian Ocean region to counter the inevitable sustained Chinese Navy presence by 2030. In simple terms, to meet its 'emerging tasks' the Indian Navy will need to double its size and quadruple its existing annual budget.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While aircraft carriers are definitely needed in some scenarios, some other interim, 'cost effective' options need to be put on the table, or else India will go bankrupt in trying to meet its new strategic challenges. These measures include exporting MTCR compliant Brahmos (290-km range) anti-ship cruise missiles and Prithvi-2 (250-km range) ballastic land attack missiles to Vietnam, South Korea and possibly Taiwan. The Navy’s aging and depleting conventional submarine force, under prolonged 'benign neglect' needs to be bolstered by ordering a second conventional submarine indigenous production line under the much-delayed Project 75(I).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Also, an additional four conventional submarines and four nuclear attack submarines need to be imported, so that at least one of them is on patrol in the Asia Pacific region and Indian Ocean region at any given time, to provide 'invisible' presence-cum-deterrence, without the need for a logistics base for warships and aircraft, given the long endurance of submarines. This “invisible” submarine presence would avoid incidents at the South China Sea. These same submarines could also be used in wartime to interdict Chinese shipping using the Indian Ocean region choke points and complement the Indian aircraft-carrier battle groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Boosting India’s sea power is essential to meet the emerging challenges in the Indian Ocean region and Asia Pacific region. Another innovative option would be to use some of our numerous island territories as 'unsinkable aircraft carriers' with the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force aircraft, coastal radars and coastal Brahmos anti-ship missile batteries. Indian land and air power, too, needs a boost to deter any misadventures by our adversaries on our land borders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diplomatically, India is making the right moves with Vietnam, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Iran and other island nations. It must, however, avoid a strategic overreach, keeping in mind the prevailing military balance. India needs to remember what Prussian king Fredrick the Great meant when he said: 'Diplomacy without military power is like music without instruments'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Our policymakers could make a start by reading Kautilya’s 2000-year-old Arthashastra and investing wisely, and quietly, in strategic national defence, which will be an insurance against war.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4149635660060324958?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4149635660060324958/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4149635660060324958' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4149635660060324958'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4149635660060324958'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2011/10/credibility-of-indian-navy.html' title='Credibility of Indian Navy'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8gc8irCrX00/Tq1tdnA8gHI/AAAAAAAAA_w/ApUmhon3O_0/s72-c/Navy.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-9205548688794024103</id><published>2011-09-09T18:13:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2011-09-09T18:20:18.464+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>तुमचे 'भविष्य' सुरक्षित आहे का?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ryXr2U5fr1w/TmoLMhVAidI/AAAAAAAAA_o/UCb7xVjVKdY/s1600/PF.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 350px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ryXr2U5fr1w/TmoLMhVAidI/AAAAAAAAA_o/UCb7xVjVKdY/s400/PF.jpg" border="1" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5650340992222530002" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;कर्मचारी भविष्य निर्वाह निधी अर्थात प्रॉव्हीडंट फंडचा लाभ घेणे हा कर्मचाऱ्याचा हक्क आणि कंपनीचे कर्तव्य असते. सध्याच्या काळात निवृत्तीवेतनाची निश्चिती नसल्याने उतारवयातील उदरनिर्वाहाची सोय म्हणूनही या पीएफकडे पाहिले जाते. निवृत्तीच्या वेळी खूप मोठी रक्कम हाताशी येईल किंवा अडीअडचणीच्या वेळी कर्ज मिळेल या आशेने कर्मचारी पीएफसाठी पैसे भरण्यात कुचराई करत नाहीत.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;किंबहुना नवीन कंपनीत रुजू होण्यापूवीर् सर्वप्रकारची चौकशी करून, जुन्या कंपनीतील खाते स्थलांतरित करून सर्वसामान्य कर्मचारी भविष्य अधिकाधिक सुरक्षित करण्याचा प्रयत्न करतात. मात्र गेल्या काही वर्षांत उघड झालेले घोटाळे आणि सरकारी आकडेवारी पाहता कंपन्यांकडून प्रॉव्हीडंट फंड भरण्यात कुचराई होत असल्याचे सिद्ध झाले आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;सध्या भविष्य निर्वाहनिधीतील रकमेवर ९.५ टक्के दराने व्याज मिळते. गेल्यावषीर्पर्यंत या ठेवींवर ८.५ टक्के दराने व्याज मिळत होते. सर्वसाधारण बचत खाते किंवा गेल्यावषीर्पर्यंत मुदत ठेवींमधून मिळणाऱ्या व्याजापेक्षा ही रक्कम अधिक होती. त्यातच पीएफमधील गुंतवणुकीला करातून सवलतही मिळत असल्याने पीएफ हा नोकरदार वर्गासाठी गुंतवणूकीचे व भविष्य सुरक्षित करण्याचे पसंतीचे स्थान आहे. सध्या कर्मचाऱ्यांचे मूळ वेतन आणि महागाई भत्त्यामधून दरमहा १२ टक्के रक्कम पीएफ खात्यात वळविण्यासाठी कंपन्या पगारातूनच कापून घेतात. मात्र स्वत:च्या हिश्यातील १२ टक्के रक्कम भरताना मात्र टाळाटाळ केली जाते. त्यामुळे वर्षाअखेरीस कर्मचाऱ्यांना मिळणाऱ्या पीएफ स्लिपमध्ये खात्यातील एकूण रकमेचा अंदाज घेणे कर्मचाऱ्यांना शक्य होत नाही. विशेष म्हणजे भविष्य निर्वाह निधी मंडळाच्या क्लिष्ट कारभारामुळे मंडळाकडे कोणाकडेही दाद मागण्याऐवजी शांत बसणेच कर्मचारी पसंत करतात. मात्र यामुळे होणारे नुकसान म्हणजे कंपन्यांकडून ही रक्कम जमा करण्यात होणाऱ्या विलंबामुळे त्या कालावधीच्या व्याजावर कर्मचाऱ्यांना पाणी सोडावे लागते.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;केंदीय कामगार मंत्री मल्लिकार्जुन खर्गे यांनी लोकसभेला दिलेल्या माहितीनुसार देशातील तब्बल एक लाख २० कंपन्यांनी कंपन्यांनी प्रॉव्हीडंट फंडाची रक्कम भरण्यात टाळाटाळ केली आहे. आकडेवारीच्या दृष्टीकोनातून विचार करता आंध्र, महाराष्ट्र आणि तामिळनाडूसारखी प्रगत राज्ये या क्रमवारीत आघाडीवर आहेत. तर ईशान्येतील राज्ये, गोवा, उत्तरांचल, बिहार, छत्तीसगड, ओरिसा यासारख्या राज्यात ही टाळाटाळ करणाऱ्या कंपन्यांची संख्या तुलनेने कमी आहे. अशावेळी देशातील प्रगत राज्यांमध्ये इतरांच्या तुलनेत रोजगाराच्या संधी अधिक आहेत, कंपन्या अधिक आहेत आणि त्यामुळेच भरणा चुकविणाऱ्यांचे प्रमाण अधिक असेल हा युक्तीवाद पटण्यासारखा नाही. किंबहुना प्रगत तंत्रज्ञान आणि सातत्याने वाढणाऱ्या नफ्यामुळे कर्मचाऱ्यांच्या भविष्याची अधिकाधिक काळजी घेऊन तरी या कंपन्यांनी पैसे लवकरात लवकर भरावे अशी अपेक्षा आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;पीएफचा भरणा चुकविणाऱ्या कंपन्या&lt;br /&gt;राज्य एकूण कंपन्या&lt;br /&gt;आंध्रप्रदेश २०,२१३&lt;br /&gt;महाराष्ट्र १८,६६६&lt;br /&gt;तामिळनाडू १३,७३४&lt;br /&gt;दिल्ली ११,८४२&lt;br /&gt;उत्तर प्रदेश ८७५७&lt;br /&gt;कर्नाटक ८०६८&lt;br /&gt;पंजाब ७२८५&lt;br /&gt;गुजरात ६१६५&lt;br /&gt;हरियाणा ४५०८&lt;br /&gt;प. बंगाल ४२०९&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;पीएफची रक्कम भरण्यात टाळाटाळ करणाऱ्या कंपन्यांवर कारवाईचे पाऊलही भविष्य निर्वाहनिधीकडून उचलण्यात आले. मात्र एक लाख २० हजारांहून अधिक कंपन्यांनी टाळाटाळ केली असताना केवळ निम्म्या म्हणजे ५५ हजार ८८ कंपन्यांविरोधात तक्रार दाखल करण्यात आली आहे. विशेष म्हणजे तक्रार दाखल करण्यात आलेल्यांमध्येही आंध्रप्रदेश आणि महाराष्ट्राने आघाडी कायम ठेवली आहे. हैदराबादमधील कंपन्यांवर सर्वाधिक म्हणजे ५३४२ तक्रारी दाखल झाल्या. तर ४३६१ तक्रारींसह महाराष्ट्र दुसऱ्या स्थानी आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;हे टाळण्यासाठी काय करावे लागेल&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;कम्प्युटरायझेशनचे काम वेगाने पूर्ण करणे गरजेचे&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;भरणा करण्यात टाळाटाळ करणाऱ्या कंपन्यांवर जबर दंड लावणे&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;विभागनिहाय खातेक्रमांक बदलण्याऐवजी कर्मचाऱ्यांना 'आधार' प्रमाणे एकच क्रमांक देणे. त्यामुळे खाते स्थलांतरित करताना अधिक कालावधी लागणार नाही.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;रक्कम काढताना किंवा स्थलांतरित करता जमवावी लागणारी कागदपत्रांची जंत्री कमी करून ही सुविधा ऑनलाईनही उपलब्ध करून देणे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;पीएफचा हिस्सा वाढणार?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;सध्या कर्मचाऱ्यांच्या मूळ वेतन आणि महागाई भत्त्यामधील रक्कमेच्या १२ टक्के पीएफ खात्यात जमा केले जातात. तितकेच पैसे कंपनीने देखील खात्यात जमा करणे आवश्यक असते. पण गेल्या काही वर्षांपासून कंपन्यांनी मूळ वेतन कमी ठेवून मेडिकल, कन्व्हेयन्स, नाईटशिफ्टअलाऊंस यासारखे निरनिराळे भत्ते वाढवून दिले आहे. त्यामुळे कर्मचाऱ्यांना अधिकाधिक रक्कम घरी घेऊन जाण्याचा आनंद आज मिळत असला तरी त्यांची भविष्याची तरतूद मात्र त्यामुळे कमी होते आहे. त्यामुळेच मध्यप्रदेश आणि मदास हायकोर्टाने प्रॉव्हीडंट फंडाची रक्कम भरताना हे भत्तेदेखील त्यात समाविष्ट करून घ्यावेत, असा आदेश दिला आहे. इतरही राज्यात लवकरच या निर्णयाची अंमलबजावणी होण्याची शक्यता आहे. त्यामुळे हा निर्णय लागू झाल्यास सध्या दरमहा मिळणारी पगाराची रक्कम कमी झालेली दिसली तरी भविष्य मात्र अधिकाधिक सुरक्षित होणार आहे.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-9205548688794024103?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/9205548688794024103/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=9205548688794024103' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/9205548688794024103'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/9205548688794024103'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2011/09/blog-post.html' title='तुमचे &apos;भविष्य&apos; सुरक्षित आहे का?'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ryXr2U5fr1w/TmoLMhVAidI/AAAAAAAAA_o/UCb7xVjVKdY/s72-c/PF.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4714411447466925826</id><published>2011-09-06T07:43:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2011-09-09T18:53:28.105+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Science'/><title type='text'>Pioneer 10 Plaque</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZACHLBv7ImE/TmWDCBsMctI/AAAAAAAAA-4/spDjkQlufCs/s1600/Pioneer.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:center; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 258px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZACHLBv7ImE/TmWDCBsMctI/AAAAAAAAA-4/spDjkQlufCs/s400/Pioneer.jpg" border="1" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5649065378442932946" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is a postcard from Earth to Aliens. This plaque was sent aboard Pioneer 10, launched on March 02, 1972.Pioneer 10 was designed to study outer solar system and travel outside towards infinity till some extraterrestrial life finds it out and learns about earth using this plaque, which gives visual information about Earth, Solar system and Human race.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4714411447466925826?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4714411447466925826/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4714411447466925826' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4714411447466925826'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4714411447466925826'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2011/09/pioneer-10-plaque.html' title='Pioneer 10 Plaque'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZACHLBv7ImE/TmWDCBsMctI/AAAAAAAAA-4/spDjkQlufCs/s72-c/Pioneer.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-521866404770475418</id><published>2011-05-29T23:34:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2011-05-29T23:47:10.827+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>Pirate Latitudes by Michael Crichton (दर्जा : ***)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nzAKQjaEYKc/TeKNExZ98qI/AAAAAAAAA-g/-XvVjhqI6vo/s1600/mcpl.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px; height: 205px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nzAKQjaEYKc/TeKNExZ98qI/AAAAAAAAA-g/-XvVjhqI6vo/s400/mcpl.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5612203198778307234" border="1" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Pirate Latitudes is an action adventure novel written by Michael Crichton. The book was published posthumously by HarperCollins on November 24, 2009. It is an adventure story concerning piracy in Jamaica in the 17th century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The novel stars the fictional privateer Captain Charles Hunter who, together with the governor of Jamaica, plots to raid a Spanish galleon for its treasure. Johnathan Burnham's review states that it is "thoroughly researched...packed through with great detail about navigation and how pirates operated, and links between the New World and the Caribbean and Spain.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Michael Crichton's "Pirate Latitudes" is everything you're looking for in a pirate adventure. It doesn't necessarily do anything new with the genre, but it will satisfy those who found the popular "Pirates of the Caribbean" films too over-the-top and cartoony.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This (relatively short) novel tells the story of pirate (he prefers "privateer") Charles Hunter and his crew of super-pirates as they embark on a quest for the ultimate prize-- a Spanish treasure galleon. I say "super-pirates" because each of his crew does one or two things extraordinarily well, creating a sort of "who's who" of pirate archetypes. You have the stealth assassin, Sanson, who kills entire ship crews without making a sound. Then there is Bassa, the giant Moor who seems inspired by Fezzik from "The Princess Bride" and who kills with his bare hands. There is Lazue, the quintessential female pirate, who goes about as a man unless it suits her to use her feminine attributes and whose eyes are capable of spotting even the most camouflaged of reefs. There is Enders, the dependable helmsman, who can sail even the bulkiest of ships through the eye of a needle. And finally Don Diego aka "The Jew", the crafty munitions expert, who does something with rat innards you will not believe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Other pirate tale staples appear as well: cannibals, damsels in distress, storms at sea, and sea monsters. The inclusion of the sea monster surprised me, given Crichton's realistic account of 17th century pirate life up to that point. While my initial reaction was to scoff, I soon found myself going with the idea. Crichton was a man of science, and you get the impression that he is acknowledging the possibility that perhaps the strange stories of sea monsters told by the old seafarers of the past may have had some truth to them. I won't go into too much detail about the monster, but its presence in the story is handled well. The sea monster scene is not particularly original, but it's hard not to smile while reading it. Yes, we've seen it before, but it's still fun to go over again with a new set of characters and circumstances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Pirate Latitudes" doesn't really hit its stride until about halfway through. From there on it is difficult to put down. The publisher's description of the book is incomplete (probably intentionally so). Yes, Captain Hunter and his motley crew are indeed embarking on a dangerous mission to cut out a Spanish treasure galleon from a nigh unconquerable port, but that is only half the story. I will not give away any more, but will instead allow you to discover the rest for yourself as I did.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As you read though the novel, you get the impression that this was something Crichton was writing merely for his own enjoyment. It was well-publicized that the completed manuscript was discovered after the author's death. We'll never know what he intended to do with it. Perhaps he never intended to publish it at all. While this may sound ludicrous to non-writers, I suspect this is the case. Many prolific authors have completed manuscripts tucked away that they wrote just for the pleasure of writing, and "Pirate Latitudes" seems to be one of those. Perhaps it was something he picked away at while trying to stave off writer's block for something else he was working on. Even if this novel was never intended to see the light of day, I am glad his family decided to go ahead and let us have a look at it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Pirate Latitudes" delivers everything you'd ever want from a pirate story, and also gives a fairly accurate historical portrayal of 17th century pirates, particularly the violent lives they lead. This book will likely not receive any awards, nor will it impress many literary critics, but it is not attempting to do so. It is well-worth reading if you enjoy fast-paced action adventure, particularly of the cutlass-wielding, piratey variety.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-521866404770475418?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/521866404770475418/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=521866404770475418' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/521866404770475418'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/521866404770475418'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2011/05/pirate-latitudes-by-michael-crichton.html' title='Pirate Latitudes by Michael Crichton (दर्जा : ***)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nzAKQjaEYKc/TeKNExZ98qI/AAAAAAAAA-g/-XvVjhqI6vo/s72-c/mcpl.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-3740975839215772016</id><published>2011-05-19T20:04:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2011-05-19T20:10:10.014+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>India set to sign $2.4bn Mirage deal with France</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zyrBRRd21Og/TdUrTnewIAI/AAAAAAAAA-Y/-HqY8Z_JMzs/s1600/Mirage.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 150px; height: 108px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zyrBRRd21Og/TdUrTnewIAI/AAAAAAAAA-Y/-HqY8Z_JMzs/s400/Mirage.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5608436526975295490" border="1" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Faced with a dual threat from China and Pakistan, which have even come together to manufacture fighter jets , India is really cranking up military aviation contracts. Even as the $4.1 billion deal for 10 American C-17 Globemaster-III strategic airlift aircraft awaits the final nod from the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), another major contract is now headed that way.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Defence ministry sources on Wednesday said the long-awaited deal with France for the upgrade of 52 Mirage-2000 multi-role fighters in IAF's combat fleet is "finally ready" at a cost of almost Rs 11,000 crore ($2.4 billion).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"This is also now going to CCS for approval. Another big contract, which was being progressed simultaneously, for around 450 MICA (interception and aerial combat missiles) systems to arm the upgraded Mirages is also in the final stages now," said a source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This comes after long-drawn negotiations with French companies Dassault Aviation (aircraft manufacturer), Thales (weapons systems integrator) and MBDA (missile supplier), which were "initially asking for much more", said sources.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Under the contract, the first four to six Mirages will be upgraded in France, while the rest will be retrofitted in India by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) with transfer of technology from the French companies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This means the overall Mirage upgrade package, including the fire-and-forget MICA missiles and the infrastructure build-up at HAL, will eventually cross the Rs 15,000-crore mark.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It obviously raises questions whether it would be more prudent to simply buy new fighters rather than upgrade older ones at such a huge cost. IAF, however, argues the "retrofitted" Mirages -- with new avionics, radars, mission computers, glass cockpits, helmet-mounted displays, electronic warfare suites, weapon delivery and precision-targeting systems -- would remain "top-notch fighters" for almost two decades more.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With a depleting number of fighter squadrons (each has 16 to 18 jets), down to just 32 from a `sanctioned strength' of 39.5, IAF is going for a mix of upgrades and new inductions to stem its fast-eroding combat edge over even Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is, for instance, the ongoing upgrade of 63 MiG-29s under a $964 million deal inked with Russia in March 2008. Then, India is also progressively inducting the 272 Sukhoi-30MKIs contracted from Russia for around $12 billion. Moreover, the first lot of the around 120 indigenous Tejas Light Combat Aircraft will begin joining the force from end-2013 onwards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India also wants to ink by December this year the $10.4 billion project for 126 medium multi-role combat aircraft (MMRCA), in which only the French Rafale and Eurofighter Typhoons are now left in contention after ejection of the American, Russian and Swedish jets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On top of this all, India hopes to begin inducting 250-300 advanced stealth fifth-generation fighter aircraft (FGFA), being co-developed with Russia, from 2020 onwards, in what will be its biggest-ever defence project at around $35 billion.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-3740975839215772016?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/3740975839215772016/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=3740975839215772016' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3740975839215772016'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3740975839215772016'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2011/05/india-set-to-sign-24bn-mirage-deal-with.html' title='India set to sign $2.4bn Mirage deal with France'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zyrBRRd21Og/TdUrTnewIAI/AAAAAAAAA-Y/-HqY8Z_JMzs/s72-c/Mirage.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-8273517809701090241</id><published>2011-04-08T22:20:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2011-04-08T22:27:56.143+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>Eye on China, Navy boosts Eastern Command</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rzhSFKyldcY/TZ8925XkyFI/AAAAAAAAA9w/NzbfeH5vh_M/s1600/Poseidon.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 151px; height: 93px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rzhSFKyldcY/TZ8925XkyFI/AAAAAAAAA9w/NzbfeH5vh_M/s400/Poseidon.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5593257275539376210" border="1" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;With an eye on China as well as in keeping with India's "Look East" policy, the Navy is slowly but surely bolstering force levels on the eastern coast with new warships, aircraft and spy drones as well as forward-operating bases (FOBs).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So much so that the Navy has now upgraded the post of the chief of staff (CoS) at the Eastern Naval Command (ENC), which is next only to the flag officer commanding-in-chief, to a three-star general rank. Vice-Admiral S Lanba will take over as the new CoS at ENC on May 1, 2011. The other full-fledged naval operational command, the Western Naval Command (WNC) based at Mumbai, has had a vice-admiral as the CoS for quite some time now.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additions to the ENC, which has around 50 warships at present, include the new indigenously-manufactured stealth frigate INS Shivalik, which is packed with weapons and sensors, and the 16,900-tonne INS Jalashwa, the huge strategic sea-lift amphibious warship second only to aircraft carrier INS Viraat in size.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The next two indigenous stealth frigates being built at Mazagon Docks, INS Satpura and INS Sahyadri, which should be commissioned by 2012, will also be based in ENC. Tuticorin and Paradeep are being developed as FOB and OTR (operational turn-around) bases," said a source.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Then, the new fleet tanker, INS Shakti, which should come to India from Italy by September, and the P-8I Poseidon long-range maritime patrol aircraft will also be based in ENC. India is acquiring 12 P-8I aircraft, the first of which is slated for induction by early-2013, from the US for over $3 billion to plug the existing gaps in its surveillance of the entire Indian Ocean Region (IOR).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While these aircraft will be based in Rajali, Navy is also going to deploy spy drones or UAVs at the Parundu air station in Tamil Nadu. At present, Navy has two UAV squadrons based at Kochi and Porbandar, with Parundu and Port Blair next on the agenda. As part of Navy's three-tier aerial surveillance grid for IOR, the drones are already being used for the innermost layer reconnaissance up to 200 nautical miles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Source : Times of India, 08/04/2011.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-8273517809701090241?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/8273517809701090241/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=8273517809701090241' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8273517809701090241'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8273517809701090241'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2011/04/eye-on-china-navy-boosts-eastern.html' title='Eye on China, Navy boosts Eastern Command'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rzhSFKyldcY/TZ8925XkyFI/AAAAAAAAA9w/NzbfeH5vh_M/s72-c/Poseidon.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-5757403088219315241</id><published>2010-10-09T22:10:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2010-10-09T22:44:55.666+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>The Polyester Prince by Hamish McDonald (दर्जा : ***)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/TLCh8qEM7hI/AAAAAAAAA8s/D7ss4-XGHh8/s1600/Dheerubhai.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 226px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/TLCh8qEM7hI/AAAAAAAAA8s/D7ss4-XGHh8/s400/Dheerubhai.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5526094806239735314" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Dheerubhai Ambani, the most popular name of modern Indian business, is still in the minds of Indians despite his physical demise. Hamish MC Donald has made a critical interpretation of Ambani’s transition of normal man into a Business Tycoon who allegedly influenced mainstream politicians for the commercial benefits of his business unethically. This book was written in 1998 and has been banned in India due to the heavy pressure from Ambanis.You can find this books at bombay streets for nominal cost which are smuggled. Maniratnam has been inspired by this book for making of “GURU” with Abishek Abhachan . Mani Ratnam also depicted numerous scenes from the source of this book. This book also highlighted the rivalry between Dheerubhai Ambani and Nusli Wadia(grandson of Mahamad Ali Khan Jinna) who were allegedly tried to assassinate each other. Their rivalry remained as a black spot of Indian corporate history. In the film Guru, Mithun Chakravarthy played Ramanth goenka role while Madhavan played Journalist Guru Murthi role. Interesting aspect is Guru Murthy was hugely suffered by Ambani on the various charges and even jailed unlike the ‘GURU” movie description where Abishak Bachan didn’t touch Madhavan. Mani Ratnam must have been pampered by Ambanis. Though this book is mandatory for the people who aspiring a career in corporate sector and entrepreneurship,but special kind of fiction has been added by author to sensationalize the book and his name. Readers should be very cautious while reading the book and to make conclusions on Dheerubhai’s character.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Polyester Prince is a balanced book on India's own robber baron. Mr. McDonald pays tribute to Gujarati traders/ Banias in the first few chapters by acknowledging their exuberance of speech, inventiveness, and commercial drive. Dhirubhai first displayed his diplomatic and negotiating skills during the Junagadh freedom struggle. At Yemen, he exploits the fact that silver content in rial was higher than the pound. There he also learned the fundamentals of business by taking position in rice, sugar, and other commodities. At India, Dhirubhai progressed to trading in REP licenses and later textile manufacturing. One of Dhirubhai's greatest attributes was that he networked and lobbied furiously. He cultivated several journalists, politicians, and bureaucrats including Girilal Jain, Murli Deora, Yashpal Kapur, T.A. Pai, R.K. Dhawan, P.C. Sethi, Pramod Mahajan, and Pranab Mukherjee. Several policies such as the High Unit Value Scheme were introduced for the sole benefit of Reliance and tariffs mostly for the detriment of competitors like Kapal Mehra (Orkay Silk Mills) and Nusli Wadia (Bombay Dyeing). Reliance was the first to recognize the most important external environment- Government of India. Dhirubhai used the government to destroy Indian Express and Bombay Dyeing. Wadia, Mehra and the journalist Gurumurthy were arrested on fake charges. He is alleged to have tried to get Wadia assassinated through Kirti Ambani and contract killers. Reliance also resorted to envelope journalism and later buying out a newspaper to unfairly cast DMT as inferior to PTA. Dhirubhai is rightly called father of Indian equity cult as he patronized convertible debentures. One out of every four investors in India is a Reliance shareholder. The Ambanis used loopholes, shell investment companies/ tax havens in Isle of Man, duplicate shares, insider trading, and financial engineering tricks to ensure that Reliance was the largest zero-tax company and a pure cash flow operation. Though correctly described as ruthless and daring, Mr. McDonald overlooks that Dhirubhai was an innovative financier, brand builder (Only Vimal etc.), and an industrialist way ahead of his times (vertical integration, GDR etc.).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-5757403088219315241?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/5757403088219315241/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=5757403088219315241' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/5757403088219315241'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/5757403088219315241'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2010/10/polyester-prince-by-hamish-mcdonald.html' title='The Polyester Prince by Hamish McDonald (दर्जा : ***)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/TLCh8qEM7hI/AAAAAAAAA8s/D7ss4-XGHh8/s72-c/Dheerubhai.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-1769168442259597176</id><published>2010-08-08T10:29:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2010-08-08T10:36:14.410+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Science'/><title type='text'>मोर्चेबांधणी चांद्रयान- २ मोहिमेची</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/TF46j17V4UI/AAAAAAAAA7o/1V3jZycc2T0/s1600/Chandrayan.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 95px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/TF46j17V4UI/AAAAAAAAA7o/1V3jZycc2T0/s400/Chandrayan.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502900182139134274" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;सुरेश नाईक&lt;br /&gt;गुरुवार, ऑगस्ट ०५, २०१०, सकाळ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;चांद्रयान - १ ही मोहीम यशस्वी झाली. आता दुसऱ्या मोहिमेची मोर्चेबांधणी सुरू आहे. ही मोहीम भारताला पुढावा देणारी आहे. मोहिमेची तयारी २०१३ पर्यंत पूर्ण होणे अपेक्षित आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;चांद्रयान- १ ने २००९ मध्ये चंद्रावरील पाण्याच्या अस्तित्वाचा शोध लावण्यात आघाडी घेतली आणि जगातील शास्त्रीय जगतात एकच खळबळ माजली. संबंध जगातील प्रगत देशांनीही भारतीय अवकाश शास्त्रज्ञांचे कौतुक केले.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;चांद्रयान- १ हे मानवरहित अंतरिक्षयान असून त्यामध्ये चंद्राला प्रदक्षिणा मारणारा एक तसेच चंद्रावर आदळणारा एक असे दोन भाग होते. ध्रुवीय उपग्रह प्रक्षेपण यान (पीएसएलव्ही- सी ११) या प्रक्षेपकाद्वारे याचे प्रक्षेपण दिवाळीच्या दिवशी म्हणजे २२ ऑक्‍टोबर, इ.स. २००८ रोजी श्रीहरिकोटा येथील सतीश धवन अंतराळ केंद्रावरून झाले. नोव्हेंबर ८ रोजी यानास यशस्वीरीत्या चंद्राच्या कक्षेत सोडण्यात आले. १४ नोव्हेंबर २००८ रोजी रात्री ८ वाजून ६ मिनिटांनी यानाला जोडलेल्या मून इम्पॅक्‍ट प्रोब (चंद्रकुपी) ला यशस्वीरीत्या वेगळे करण्यात आले. सुमारे २५ मिनिटांच्या प्रवासानंतर ही कुपी चंद्राच्या दक्षिण ध्रुवाजवळील "शॅकलटन क्रेटर' येथे आदळली. या घनाकृती कुपीच्या चारी बाजूवर भारताचा ध्वज चित्रिला असल्यामुळे प्रतीकात्मकरीत्या भारतीय ध्वज चंद्रावर पोहोचला आहे व हे साध्य करणारा भारत हा जगातील चौथा देश बनला. चंद्रावर पाणी असल्याचे स्पष्ट झाल्याने चांद्रयान- १ ही मोहीम सुफळ संपूर्ण झाल्याची भारतीय अवकाश संशोधन संस्थेकडून घोषणा करण्यात आली. चांद्रयान- १ द्वारे पाण्याच्या अस्तित्वाचा शोध सुदूर संवेदन पद्धतीने करण्यात आला. या पुढची पायरी म्हणजे चंद्राच्या पृष्ठभागाचे प्रत्यक्ष नमुने गोळा करून त्यांच्या विश्‍लेषणाद्वारे पाण्याच्या अंशाचे व इतर खनिजांचे अस्तित्व सिद्ध करायचे. यासाठी चांद्रयान- २ ची मोहीम हाती घेण्यात आली आहे. चांद्रयान- १ च्या नेत्रदीपक यशामुळे उत्साहित होऊन इस्रोने चांद्रयान- २ या ४२५ कोटी रु. मोहिमेच्या मोर्चेबांधणीस सुरवात केली आहे. सध्याच्या नियोजनाप्रमाणे चांद्रयान- २ च्या प्रक्षेपणाची तयारी २०१३ पर्यंत पूर्ण होणे अपेक्षित आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;चांद्रयान- २ या अंतराळ यानाचे वस्तुमान प्रक्षेपणाच्या वेळी २४५७ किलोग्रॅम असेल. याच्यामध्ये चंद्रावर हळुवारपणे उतरणारे अवतरणयान (ल्यांडर) व चंद्राला प्रदक्षिणा घालणारे कक्षणयान (ऑर्बिटर) अशा दोन घटकांचा समावेश असेल. कक्षणयानाच्या एकूण १३१७ किलो वस्तुमानापैकी त्यातील इंधनाचे वस्तुमान ८३० किलो, कक्षणयानाच्या सांगाड्याचे व इतर उपप्रणालींचे ४३७ किलो आणि शास्त्रीय प्रयोगांचे ५० किलो असेल. या ५० किलोपैकी १० किलो आंतरराष्ट्रीय अवकाश संस्थांच्या प्रयोगांसाठी असेल. अवतरणयान जेव्हा पृथ्वीच्या कक्षेतून चंद्राच्या कक्षेत प्रवेश करेल तेव्हा त्याचे वजन ११०० किलो असेल. चंद्राच्या पृष्ठभागावर त्याचे वजन ४२० किलो भरेल. ल्यांडरवर दोन बग्ग्या (रोव्हर्स) असतील. त्यातील रशियन बग्गीचे वजन असेल ५० किलो आणि भारतीय बग्गीचे वजन असेल १५ किलो.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;बग्ग्या चंद्रावर कशा पोचतील? -&lt;br /&gt;प्रक्षेपणानंतर कक्षणयान व अवतरणयानासह दोन बग्ग्या यांची जोडगोळी यांना एकत्रितपणे पृथ्वीच्या १८० स २४००० कि.मी. या अंडाकृती कक्षेत सोडून पीएसएलव्ही प्रक्षेपण यान अलग होईल. नंतरच्या पृथ्वीच्या प्रदक्षिणेत कक्षणयानापासून ही जोडगोळी विभक्त होईल व ही दोन्ही याने अलगपणे चंद्राकडे कूच करतील. अवतरण यान दोन बग्ग्यांसह पहिल्यांदा चंद्राच्या १०० कि.मी.च्या कक्षेत स्थिरावेल. यानंतर ही जोडगोळी चंद्रावर उतरेपर्यंतच्या सर्व क्रिया शास्त्रज्ञांच्या दृष्टीने अत्यंत तणावपूर्ण व थरारजनक असतील. नंतरच्या चंद्राभोवतालच्या प्रदक्षिणेत या जोडगोळीची कक्षा उत्तर ध्रुवाकडे १०० कि.मी. व दक्षिण ध्रुवाकडे १८ कि.मी. अशी राहील. १८ कि.मी.पासून उंची २ कि.मी.पर्यंत आल्यानंतर ब्रेक लावून या जोडगोळीला हळुवारपणे चंद्राच्या पृष्ठभागावर उतरविले जाईल. यानंतर लगेच कक्षणयानाला चंद्राभोवतालच्या त्याच्या निर्धारित कक्षेमध्ये स्थिरावले जाईल. यानंतर एकापाठोपाठ दोन्ही बग्ग्यांना चंद्राच्या पृष्ठभागावर उतरविले जाईल. बग्ग्यांवर असलेल्या यांत्रिक हाताद्वारे चंद्राच्या पृष्ठभागाचे नमुने गोळा करून ती माहिती कक्षणयानाद्वारे भूकेंद्राला उपलब्ध केली जाईल.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;या मोहिमेमध्ये अंतराळयानांचे अवकाशामध्ये घेऊन जावयाचे वजन पीएसएलव्ही या प्रक्षेपणयानाच्या कुवतीपेक्षा अधिक असल्याने जीएसएलव्ही या अधिक प्रक्षेपण क्षमतेच्या अग्निबाणाचा उपयोग करावा लागेल. जीएसएलव्हीचे (भारतीय बनावटीच्या क्रायोजनिक इंजिनासह) तीन महिन्यांपूर्वीचे उड्डाण अयशस्वी झाल्यामुळे चांद्रयान- २ मोहिमेमध्ये रशियन बनावटीचे क्रायोजेनिक वापरायचे, की काय याचा निर्णय घ्यावा लागेल.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-1769168442259597176?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/1769168442259597176/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=1769168442259597176' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1769168442259597176'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1769168442259597176'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2010/08/blog-post_08.html' title='मोर्चेबांधणी चांद्रयान- २ मोहिमेची'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/TF46j17V4UI/AAAAAAAAA7o/1V3jZycc2T0/s72-c/Chandrayan.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-113165746676097040</id><published>2010-08-07T22:21:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2010-08-07T22:29:23.571+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>ड्रॅगनचा पंजा श्रीलंकेत</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/TF2QTvzXnUI/AAAAAAAAA7g/qRWi1fm8Y2o/s1600/Lanka+China.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 100px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/TF2QTvzXnUI/AAAAAAAAA7g/qRWi1fm8Y2o/s400/Lanka+China.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5502712988640451906" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;शशिकांत पित्रे&lt;br /&gt;शनीवार, ऑगस्ट ०७, २०१०, सकाळ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;भारताच्या श्रीलंकेतील प्रभावाला ग्रहण लावण्याचा चीनचा खटाटोप चालू आहे. श्रीलंकेचे अध्यक्ष राजपक्षे काहीही म्हणत असले, तरी भारताला सावध राहणे आवश्‍यक आहे. कारण मदतीच्या नावाखाली श्रीलंकेला मिंधे बनविण्याचा चीनचा डाव आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;श्रीलंकेमधील चीनच्या वाढत्या स्वारस्याची आणि लक्षणीय सहभागाची भारताला दखल घेणे दिवसेंदिवस अधिकाधिक आवश्‍यक होत आहे. सर्वांत जास्त बोलबाला आहे, तो दक्षिण श्रीलंकेतील हंबनतोटामध्ये चीनच्या मदतीने बांधल्या जाणाऱ्या बंदराबाबत; परंतु हा केवळ हिमखंडाचा पाण्यावर दिसणारा भाग. याशिवाय अनेक प्रकल्प हाती घेऊन लंकेला मिंधे बनवण्याचा चाणाक्ष डाव चीन खेळत आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;हंबनतोटा बंदराच्या प्रकल्पासाठी १ बिलियन (४५०० कोटी)ची अर्थराशी तीन टप्प्यात लागणार आहे. त्यापैकी ३५० कोटी डॉलर खर्च करून पहिला टप्पा या वर्षाच्या अखेरीस पूर्ण होणार आहे. यात चीनचा ८०% सहभाग आहे. हा संपूर्ण प्रकल्प २०२३ पर्यंत पूर्ण होणार आहे. चीनच्या मदतीनेच बांधल्या जाणाऱ्या पाकिस्तानमधील ग्वादर बंदराचा पहिला टप्पा नुकताच पूर्ण झाला आहे. बलुचिस्तानमधील संभाव्य अराजकामुळे जर त्या बंदराचा उपयोग करण्याच्या चीनच्या कारस्थानात अडथळा आला तर हंबनतोटा हा पर्याय चिनी नौदलासाठी उपलब्ध होईल. त्याबरोबरच म्यानमारमधील आराकान समुद्रतटावरील क्‍याप्यू बंदराची बांधणी मागच्या वर्षापासून चीन करत आहे. हिंद महासागरामधील या तीन बंदरांकरवी भारताच्या वर्चस्वाला शह देण्याचा चीनचा प्रयत्न आहे. त्यामुळे हंबनतोटा प्रकल्प हाती घेण्यात चीनचा उद्देश केवळ व्यापारावर आधारित नसून रणनीतीचा तो एक भाग आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;२००६ पासून चीनने श्रीलंकेला जवळजवळ तीन बिलियन डॉलरची आर्थिक मदत केली आहे. कट्टनायके एक्‍सप्रेसवे, मतारा-कातारागामा रेल्वेमार्ग, नरोच्छोलाई पॉवर प्रोजेक्‍ट आणि कोलंबोमध्ये विविधकला प्रोत्साहनासाठी एक भव्य इमारत अशा वेगवेगळ्या क्षेत्रांत चीनने पैसा ओतला आहे. विशेष म्हणजे भारताने देऊ केलेल्या कर्जापेक्षा चीन देत असलेल्या अर्थराशीवर अधिक व्याजदर वसूल करत असूनही श्रीलंका सरकार याबद्दल फारशी तक्रार करताना दिसत नाही. त्याचे एक कारण म्हणजे चीन कर्जाच्या विनिमयावर कोणत्याही अटी लादत नाही.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;भारताची श्रीलंकेवरील पकड ढिली करण्यासाठी चीन पराकाष्ठा करत आहे, हे स्पष्ट दिसून येत आहे. श्रीलंकेचे राष्ट्राध्यक्ष महिंदा राजापक्षे यांनी भारताला नुकतीच भेट दिली आणि भारताबरोबर सहा वेगवेगळ्या करारांवर हस्ताक्षर केले. अगदी बरोबर त्याच वेळी चीनचे उपपंतप्रधान मंत्री झॅंगा देजिआंग यांनी तीस प्रतिनिधींच्या मंडळासमवेत श्रीलंकेला भेट दिली. उपपंतप्रधानांनी श्रीलंकेच्या पंतप्रधानांसमवेत सहा करारांवर सह्या केल्या. त्यातील एक हंबनतोटा बंदराच्या दुसऱ्या टप्प्याबाबत होते. चीनी उपपंतप्रधानांच्या भेटीच्या वेळीचे औचित्य डोळ्यांत भरल्याशिवाय राहात नाही.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;विशेष म्हणजे श्रीलंकेच्या तमिळप्रधान उत्तर आणि पूर्वभागात चीन फाजील स्वारस्य दाखवत आहे. तसं म्हणायचं झालं तर चिनी राजदूत जिआंग यांनी २००२ मध्ये शस्त्रबंदी झाल्यावर स्वतः जातीने जाऊन तमीळ नेते थमिसेल्वन यांची किलिनोची मध्ये भेट घेतली होती. त्यानंतर जाफन्याची वारी करून उत्तर श्रीलंकेला घवघवीत मदत करण्याचे आश्‍वासन दिले होते. जाफना द्विपकल्पातील जाफन्याशी कंकेसनतुराई, पलाली, मनिपाय, पॉइंट पेड्रो वगैरे अनेक उपनगरांना जोडणारे रस्ते चीनने बांधले. त्याशिवाय जाफन्यातील विद्युत आणि जलव्यवस्थेत सुधारणा घडवून आणण्यासाठी हातभार लावण्याचा मनोदय चीनने प्रकट केला आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;जाफन्यामधील चीन दाखवत असलेली आस्था ही सध्या तिथे काही घटकांमध्ये भारताने टायगर्सकडे फिरवलेल्या पाठीमुळे निर्माण झालेल्या अढीचा गैरफायदा घेण्यासाठी आहे, असा निष्कर्ष काढणे चुकीचे होणार नाही. म्हणूनच की काय तमीळ टायगर्सची वेबसाइट- तमीळ नेटवर नुकतीच चिनी औदार्याचे स्वागत करणारी विधाने प्रसृत केली जात आहेत.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;टायगरांचा नायनाट झाल्यावर उत्तर आणि पूर्व श्रीलंकेत पुनर्बांधणीच्या कामात भारत सिंहाचा वाटा उचलत आहे. वावूनिया- जाफना आणि वावूनिया- मन्नार या रेल्वेरूळांचा प्रकल्प हाती घेण्यासाठी इर्कान ही भारतीय संस्था प्रयत्नशील आहे; परंतु चीन हे काम आपल्याला मिळावे म्हणून पडद्याआड सूत्रे हलवत असल्याच्या बातम्या मिळत आहेत. थोडक्‍यात, भारताच्या श्रीलंकेतील प्रस्तावाला जमेल तितके ग्रहण लावण्याचे चीनचे धोरण आहे. राजपक्षे वारंवार सांगतात, "चीन येईल आणि जाईल, पण भारत आमचा कायमचा मित्र राहील.' परंतु, यावर किती विश्‍वास ठेवावा, हे भारतानेच ठरवले पाहिजे.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-113165746676097040?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/113165746676097040/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=113165746676097040' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' 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width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-7092410110244131263?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/7092410110244131263/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=7092410110244131263' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7092410110244131263'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7092410110244131263'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2010/02/sakal-cartoon.html' title='Sakal Cartoon'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/S4oWhrCBEtI/AAAAAAAAA68/P5EwOW7-W-0/s72-c/Sakal.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-7692781576876727738</id><published>2009-12-20T10:24:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2010-02-27T00:01:12.479+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='History'/><title type='text'>जिजाऊंच्या पत्रातून इतिहासाला उजाळा!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Sy2u6LFjcDI/AAAAAAAAA6o/fMNBFP_dk10/s1600-h/Jijau01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Sy2u6LFjcDI/AAAAAAAAA6o/fMNBFP_dk10/s400/Jijau01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417178241228304434" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Sy2u6LFjcDI/AAAAAAAAA6o/fMNBFP_dk10/s1600-h/Jijau01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 181px; height: 397px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Sy2vAEijVlI/AAAAAAAAA6w/yH0f_EsnuB4/s400/Jijau02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5417178342550099538" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-7692781576876727738?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/7692781576876727738/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=7692781576876727738' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7692781576876727738'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7692781576876727738'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2009/12/blog-post.html' title='जिजाऊंच्या पत्रातून इतिहासाला उजाळा!'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Sy2u6LFjcDI/AAAAAAAAA6o/fMNBFP_dk10/s72-c/Jijau01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-6089538701914282452</id><published>2009-12-16T23:31:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-12-16T23:53:29.322+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>In the Sargasso Sea by Thomas Allibone Janvier (दर्जा : ****)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Sykk2ZCuU_I/AAAAAAAAA6g/0lF7R-gcfhc/s1600-h/In+the+Sargasso+Sea.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 224px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Sykk2ZCuU_I/AAAAAAAAA6g/0lF7R-gcfhc/s400/In+the+Sargasso+Sea.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5415900543743579122" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;This is a children's Novel written by Thomas Allibone Janvier in 1898. Recently this book is re-issued by Kessinger Publishing. I came across this book while browsing the awsome collection of Project Gutenberg. Its mysterious name compelled me to read this century old book. Its digital format helped me to carry it wherever I went and allowed me to read it in spare time. Yet due to slow reading pace, it took me very long time to complete it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When I first saw its title "In the Sagasso Sea", I remembered my school days, when I had learned about the Sargasso Sea in the Atlantic Ocean. Also I am a great fan of the Bermuda Triangle mystery. Hence I decided to read this book. Its english is late nineteenth century type a little bit hard to grasp, yet I had no trouble understanding the book. The book was simple and straight forward. It was a little monotonous since once the main character gets lost in the tangle of Sargasso Sea his life becomes really monotonous with very little things to do but to survive and get rescued. ninety percent of book depicts his struggle to survive in Sargasso Sea with a few interesting suspence twists like when he meet some living people onboard some boats trapped in the never ending tangle of the Sargasso Sea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The protagonist, Roger Stetworth, unwillingly joins a slave ship called the "Golden Hind" captained by Luke Chilton. (When Chilton demanded that Roger "sign aboard" he refused and was clubbed on the head and thrown overboard.) He is rescued by the "Hurst Castle" and doctored by a painfully stereotyped Irishman. The "Hurst Castle" is abandoned but does not founder in a gale and the crew accidentally leave Stetworth marooned aboard. The ship drifts into the center of the Sargasso Sea where Stetworth finds himself in a ships' graveyard in which survivors of previous shipwrecks still inhabit the forgotten ships. Stetworth must rely on his own ingenuity to get free from the choking sargasso weeds. The end of the novel is quite plain when he gets out of the tangle and gets rescued. More dramatic climax could have been designed by a level headed author. But thus is what decided by the author a hundred years ago. Though the book is very old its story is still fresh and could be enjoyed by childrens as well as adults.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Overall the novel was good to read and informs the reader with the mystery of Sargasso Sea in the way as is understood at that time when ships and their navigation system was not as developed it is today. Even today with very developed shipping system and advanced satellite navigation we often hear about ships lost at sea due to storms or tidal waves or sometime due to no reason at all without a trace. Thats what we call Bermuda Triangle mystery.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-6089538701914282452?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/6089538701914282452/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=6089538701914282452' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6089538701914282452'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6089538701914282452'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2009/12/in-sargasso-sea-by-thomas-allibone.html' title='In the Sargasso Sea by Thomas Allibone Janvier (दर्जा : ****)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Sykk2ZCuU_I/AAAAAAAAA6g/0lF7R-gcfhc/s72-c/In+the+Sargasso+Sea.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-3251239254316188815</id><published>2009-03-01T14:08:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-03-01T14:18:54.686+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Maps'/><title type='text'>Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, Khodad, Pune.</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SapJ8w6crMI/AAAAAAAAAzc/gMbPqqIoheM/s1600-h/GMRT.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SapJ8w6crMI/AAAAAAAAAzc/gMbPqqIoheM/s400/GMRT.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308136419080580290" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"&gt;Info :&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMRT"&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMRT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-3251239254316188815?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/3251239254316188815/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=3251239254316188815' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3251239254316188815'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3251239254316188815'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2009/03/giant-metrewave-radio-telescope-khodad.html' title='Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, Khodad, Pune.'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SapJ8w6crMI/AAAAAAAAAzc/gMbPqqIoheM/s72-c/GMRT.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-5642049434549155464</id><published>2009-02-26T22:18:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2009-03-01T14:26:59.035+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Maps'/><title type='text'>Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), Mumbai.</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SabJvhjGwpI/AAAAAAAAAy0/f7-Z5r8I_0Q/s1600-h/JNPT+01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SabJvhjGwpI/AAAAAAAAAy0/f7-Z5r8I_0Q/s400/JNPT+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307151029199356562" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SabJfFPJJPI/AAAAAAAAAys/9lsPDYOonNI/s1600-h/JNPT+02.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SabJfFPJJPI/AAAAAAAAAys/9lsPDYOonNI/s400/JNPT+02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307150746721527026" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 102);"&gt;Info :&lt;/span&gt; &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JNPT"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JNPT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-5642049434549155464?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/5642049434549155464/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=5642049434549155464' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/5642049434549155464'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/5642049434549155464'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2009/02/jawaharlal-nehru-port-trust-jnpt-mumbai.html' title='Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), Mumbai.'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SabJvhjGwpI/AAAAAAAAAy0/f7-Z5r8I_0Q/s72-c/JNPT+01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-8289154549353864437</id><published>2009-02-24T18:57:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T19:11:25.121+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>अंतराळातील भस्मासूर</title><content type='html'>&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 175px; height: 145px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaP4Dz58cSI/AAAAAAAAAs8/JS9V5ty1Iow/s400/Satellite+Cloud.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306357530329116962" border="0" /&gt;लोकसत्ता, प्रदीप नायक, २२-०२-२००९.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;मंगळवार, १० फेब्रुवारी २००९. जमिनीपासून ७७६ किलोमीटर उंचीवरील अवकाशात पृथ्वीभोवती आपापल्या कक्षेत फिरणाऱ्या दोन कृत्रिम उपग्रहांची टक्कर झाली! अखिल अवकाश विज्ञान जगताला हादरवून टाकणारी ही घटना! पृथ्वीवरील रस्त्यांवर वाहनांची संख्या खूप वाढल्यामुळे होणाऱ्या वाहनांच्या अपघाताची आपल्याला आता सवय झाली आहे. पण अवकाशात झालेल्या या अभूतपूर्व अपघातानं शास्त्रज्ञांची झोप उडवून टाकली आहे. पृथ्वीभोवती अनेक अत्यंत महत्त्वाचे उपग्रह, हबल अवकाश दुर्बिणीसारखी वेधशाळा आणि ज्यात अंतराळवीरांचं सतत वास्तव्य असतं असं आत्यंतिक महत्त्वाचं आंतरराष्ट्रीय अवकाश स्थानक यांना या टकरीमुळे धोका पोहोचण्याची शक्यता निर्माण झाली आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;५२ वर्षांपूर्वी, ४ ऑक्टोबर १९५७ रोजी तेव्हाच्या सोव्हिएत रशियानं ‘स्पुटनिक-१’ हा पहिलावहिला कृत्रिम उपग्रह अवकाशात सोडला. पृथ्वीभोवती घिरटय़ा घालणाऱ्या या लहानशा रशियन उपग्रहाने अमेरिकेला अस्वस्थ करून टाकलं होतं. स्पुटनिकच्या उड्डाणानं अवकाश युगाला सुरुवात झाली. रशिया व अमेरिका यांच्यामधील अवकाश स्पर्धेमुळे उपग्रहांच्या विकासाला खूपच गती&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;मिळाली. जास्तीत जास्त संख्येने उपग्रह पाठविण्यासाठी या दोन देशांमध्ये चढाओढ सुरू झाली. अमेरिकेनं त्यांचा पहिला उपग्रह ‘एक्स्प्लोरर-१’ ३१ जानेवारी १९५८ रोजी सोडला. तेव्हापासून आजतागायत जगातील ४० पेक्षा जास्त देशांनी १५ हजारांपेक्षा जास्त कृत्रिम उपग्रह तयार करून स्वत: किंवा इतर देशांच्या रॉकेट्सच्या सहाय्यानं पृथ्वीभोवती विविध कक्षेत पाठवले आहेत. यातले सुमारे २,५०० उपग्रह अजूनही पृथ्वीभोवती फिरत आहेत.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;कृत्रिम उपग्रह पृथ्वीभोवतीच्या कक्षेत पाठवायचा असेल, तर त्याचं कार्य काय असेल, हे आधी ठरवावं लागतं. त्याप्रमाणं मग त्याची कक्षा ठरवावी लागते. जमिनीपासून उंचीनुसार तीन प्रकारच्या कक्षा ठरवण्यात आल्या आहेत. १० कि.मी.पासून २ हजार कि.मी.पर्यंतच्या कक्षांना ‘निम्म भू-कक्षा’ (लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिट) असं म्हणतात. २००० कि.मी.पासून ३५,७८६ कि.मी.पर्यंतच्या कक्षांना ‘मध्यम भू-कक्षा’ (मीडियम अर्थ ऑर्बिट) असं म्हणतात व ३५,७८६ कि.मी.च्या वरील कक्षांना ‘उच्च भू-कक्षा’ (हाय अर्थ ऑर्बिट) म्हणतात.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;३५,७८६ कि.मी.च्या वरील कक्षेतले उपग्रह ज्या वेगानं पृथ्वी स्वत:भोवती फिरते, त्याच वेगानं पृथ्वीभोवती फिरत असतात. यामुळे पृथ्वीवरून पाहिलं असता हे उपग्रह स्थिर भासतात. अशा उपग्रहांना ‘भू-स्थिर’ उपग्रह असंही म्हणतात. सर्वसाधारणपणे या उंचीवर दळणवळण क्षेत्रातले व हवामान उपग्रह भू-स्थिर केलेले असतात. भारतानं पाठवलेले ‘इन्सॅट’ सीरिजचे सर्व उपग्रह याच भू-स्थिर कक्षेतले आहेत. या उंचीवरून पृथ्वीवरील जवळजवळ अर्धा भूभाग नजरेस पडत असतो. त्यामुळे इतर देशांतील टेलिव्हिजन सिग्नल्स, दूरध्वनी संदेश वहन यांची देवाणघेवाण सोपी जाते. हवामानाचा अंदाज बांधण्यासाठी या उंचीवरील उपग्रहांचा फायदा होतो. हवामानातील सातत्यानं होणारे बदल, ढगांचं आवरण, वाऱ्याचा वेग यासारखी माहिती हे उपग्रह अविरतपणे पृथ्वीवर पाठवत असतात.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;२००० कि.मी. ते ३५,७८६ कि.मी. मधल्या कक्षेत फिरणारे ‘मीडियम अर्थ ऑर्बिट’मधले उपग्रह रेडिओ संदेशांचं वहन करण्यासाठी प्रामुख्यानं वापरले जातात. विमानं, जहाजं तसंच ग्लोबल पोझिशनिंग सिस्टीम (जीपीएस) यांच्यामधील रेडिओ संदेश वहन या उपग्रहांमुळे शक्य होतं.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;१० कि.मी.पासून २००० कि.मी. उंचीपर्यंतचे ‘लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिट’मधले उपग्रह संख्येने सर्वात अधिक आहेत. या उंचीवर नकाशे, खनिजांचं मापन, लोकसंख्या, जंगल, शेती यांचं मापन व नियोजन करणारे अशा अनेक प्रकारच्या उपग्रहांची दाटी आहे. विज्ञानासाठी वापरले जाणारे सर्व उपग्रहही याच कक्षेमध्ये फिरत असतात. हबल अवकाश दुर्बीण, आंतरराष्ट्रीय अवकाश स्थानक, भारताचे इंडियन रिमोट सेन्सिंग सॅटेलाइट (आयआरएस) सीरिजमध्ये असलेले उपग्रह यांसारखे शेकडो उपग्रह लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिटमध्ये फिरत आहेत. या कक्षांमधील अनेक उपग्रह ध्रुवीय कक्षेत म्हणजे पृथ्वीच्या उत्तर ध्रुव ते दक्षिण ध्रुव अशा कक्षेत फिरत असतात. हे उपग्रह सतत सूर्याकडे ‘तोंड’ करून असतात, जेणेकरून त्यांना सौरऊर्जा वापरता येईल. उपग्रहाला जोडलेल्या सौरपट्टय़ांचा सौरऊर्जेसाठी वापर करून उपग्रहातील उपकरणांना वीज पुरवतात.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;उपग्रह अवकाशात पाठवायचा म्हटलं, तर त्यासाठी एखादं वाहन हवं. उपग्रह पृथ्वीभोवती विशिष्ट उंचीवर फिरता ठेवण्यासाठी पृथ्वीची गुरुत्वाकर्षण शक्ती व उपग्रहाचा पृथ्वीभोवती फिरण्याचा वेग यांचा योग्य समतोल साधायला हवा. उपग्रहाला विशिष्ट उंचीवर नेण्यासाठी व ठराविक वेग देण्यासाठी अग्निबाणाचा वापर करावा लागतो. अग्निबाणांचा पहिला उपयोग दुसऱ्या महायुद्धात शत्रुराष्ट्रांवर हल्ला करण्यासाठी केला होता. रॉबर्ट गोडार्ड या अमेरिकन संशोधकाने विकसित केलेल्या अग्निबाणांच्या साहाय्याने अमेरिकन उपग्रह सोडण्याची संकल्पना विकसित केली जात होती. ‘केलेल्या प्रत्येक क्रियेला विरुद्ध आणि समान प्रतिक्रिया निर्माण होते’, या न्यूटनच्या तिसऱ्या नियमाचा वापर करून अग्निबाण अवकाशात पाठवला जातो. अग्निबाणात असलेल्या घनरूप अथवा द्रवरूप इंधनाचं ज्वलन सुरू झालं, की त्यापासून निर्माण होणारे वायू अग्निबाणाच्या खालच्या बाजूस असलेल्या लहान आकाराच्या नळीतून (नोझलमधून) प्रचंड वेगाने बाहेर पडतात. त्याची प्रतिक्रिया म्हणून अग्निबाण अवकाशात ढकलला जातो. ज्याप्रमाणे पाण्यात पोहताना हात मारून पाणी मागे ढकललं, की आपण पुढे सरकतो त्याप्रमाणे रॉकेट अवकाशात झेपावतो. अग्निबाणाचे सर्वसाधारणपणे तीन टप्पे असतात. उड्डाणानंतर क्रमाक्रमाने दुसऱ्या व तिसऱ्या टप्प्यातील इंधनाचं ज्वलन केलं जातं. तिसऱ्या टप्प्यानंतर उपग्रह अग्निबाणापासून अलग केला जातो व विशिष्ट कक्षेत ढकलला जातो. या क्षणाला उपग्रहाला विशिष्ट वेगही मिळालेला असतो. हा वेग साधारणपणे ताशी २५ हजार किलोमीटर इतका असतो. अर्थात उपग्रहांचा वेग त्यांच्या कक्षेच्या उंचीवर अवलंबून असतो.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;आपल्यासाठी अग्निबाणांचा संदर्भ यासाठी महत्त्वाचा आहे, की दुसऱ्या व तिसऱ्या टप्प्यातील अग्निबाणांचे अवशेष जेव्हा उपग्रहापासून वेगळे होतात, त्या वेळी हे अवशेष अंतराळातच फिरत राहतात. अनेक वेळा उपग्रहांवरही लहान लहान बूस्टर रॉकेट्सही बसवलेली असतात. या रॉकेट्सचे अवशेषही अवकाशातच भरकटत असतात. अगदी लहान, एक सें.मी. लांबीच्या तुकडय़ांपासून ४ ते ५ मी. लांबीचे मोठमोठे तुकडे अशा अवशेषांच्या स्वरूपात १० कि.मी.पासून २००० कि.मी.पर्यंतच्या कक्षांमध्ये प्रचंड वेगाने फिरत आहेत. एका अंदाजानुसार सध्या असे जवळजवळ सात लाख लहानमोठे तुकडे कचऱ्याच्या स्वरूपात अवकाशात आहेत. यातील काही तुकडे कालांतराने पृथ्वीच्या वातावरणात शिरून घर्षणाने जळून भस्मसात होतात. क्वचितच एखादा मोठा तुकडा जळत येऊन पृथ्वीच्या पृष्ठभागावर आदळू शकतो. अर्थात पृथ्वीचा ७० टक्के पृष्ठभाग महासागरांनी व्यापलेला असल्यामुळे असा तुकडा पाण्यात पडण्याची शक्यता जास्त असते.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;प्रत्येक उपग्रहाला एका ठराविक काळापर्यंत कार्य करता येतं. बहुतेक उपग्रहांचं आयुष्य पाच ते सात र्वष असतं. त्यानंतर त्यातली बॅटरी संपुष्टात आल्यामुळे अथवा त्याच्या बूस्टर रॉकेट्समधलं इंधन संपल्यामुळे तो उपग्रह निकामी होतो. अनेक वेळा उपग्रहातील उपकरणं किंवा संगणक काम करेनासा झाल्यामुळेही तो उपग्रह कुचकामी ठरतो. अशा अनेक कारणांमुळे निकामी झालेल्या उपग्रहांना गोळा करून पृथ्वीवर आणणं, ही जवळजवळ अशक्यप्राय गोष्ट आहे. अर्थात, स्पेस शटलच्या युगातही असे उपग्रह परत आणणं हे अत्यंत खर्चिक आहे. त्यामुळे हे उपग्रह तसेच अवकाशात फिरत ठेवले जातात.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;अनेक वेगवेगळ्या कारणांसाठी पाठवलेले उपग्रह विविध आकारमानाचे व वस्तुमानाचे असतात. उपग्रहांचं सरासरी वस्तुमान ५०० ते १ हजार कि.ग्रॅ. इतकं असतं. या वस्तुमानाच्या उपग्रहांनी पृथ्वीच्या वातावरणात प्रवेश केला, तर घर्षणाने निर्माण होणाऱ्या उष्णतेमुळे पृष्ठभागापर्यंत यायच्या आतच ते जळून पूर्णपणे नष्ट होतात. अगदी ५०० ते ६०० कि.मी. उंचीवरही अत्यंत विरळ वातावरणाचा उपग्रहांवर त्यांच्या आकारमानानुसार ‘ड्रॅग’ येतो. त्यामुळे त्यांची कक्षा हळूहळू ढळत जाते. कालांतराने ते दाट वातावरणात प्रवेश करतात व नष्ट होतात. पाच टनांपेक्षा जास्त वस्तुमानाचा एखादा महाकाय उपग्रह किंवा अवकाश वेधशाळा अशा प्रकारे वातावरणात प्रवेश करू शकते. हे राक्षसी उपग्रह घर्षणाने पूर्णपणे जळून नष्ट होऊ शकत नाहीत व त्यांचे अवशेष पृष्ठभागापर्यंत येऊन आघात करू शकतात. अशा आघातामुळे मोठी जीवितहानी होऊ शकते. अशा प्रकारे १९७९ मध्ये अमेरिकेच्या ‘स्कायलॅब’ या वेधशाळेचे काही अवशेष जमिनीवर येऊन आदळले होते. अगदी अलीकडे अमेरिकेचा हेरगिरी करणारा १० टन वजनाचा उपग्रह निकामी झाल्यामुळे पृथ्वीच्या पृष्ठभागावर आदळण्याची शक्यता निर्माण झाली आहे. जर अशा उपग्रहांमधील बूस्टर रॉकेट्समध्ये इंधन शिल्लक असेल आणि या उपग्रहांवर शास्त्रज्ञांचं नियंत्रण असेल, तर उपग्रहाला ठराविक कक्षेत ढकलून तो महासागरातच आदळेल, अशी शक्यता निर्माण करतात. दाट लोकवस्तीच्या भागात असा एखादा उपग्रह कोसळण्याची एक टांगती तलवार सतत मानवाच्या डोक्यावर आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;परंतु, हे झालं अवकाशातून पृथ्वीच्या पृष्ठभागावर येऊन आदळणाऱ्या उपग्रहांबद्दल आणि अग्निबाणांच्या अवशेषांबद्दल. पण अवकाशात पृथ्वीभोवती निर्माण झालेल्या या कचऱ्यामुळे अंतराळातील उपग्रहांना धोका संभवतो का? गेली अनेक र्वष शास्त्रज्ञ अशा धोक्याची सूचना देत होते. ‘लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिट’मध्ये झालेली उपग्रहांची दाटी आणि विशेष म्हणजे अग्निबाणांचे अक्षरश: लक्षावधी लहान-मोठे तुकडे यांमुळे अशा अपघाताची शक्यता खूप वाढली आहे. अवकाशात आपलं वर्चस्व गाजवण्यासाठी अनेक देश धडपड करत आहेत. गेल्या पाच-सहा वर्षांत भारतानेही अनेक उपग्रह अवकाशात पाठवले. अगदी अलीकडे पाकिस्तान व इराण यांनीही आपापले उपग्रह अवकाशात पाठवण्याची घोषणा केली आहे. सध्या ४० पेक्षा जास्त देशांचे उपग्रह अवकाशात भ्रमंती करत आहेत. प्रत्येक वेळी उपग्रह अवकाशात पाठवला, की त्यामुळे अनेक प्रकारचा कचरा निर्माण होतो व तो अवकाशातच राहतो.अवकाशात सातत्याने भर पडत असलेल्या कचऱ्यामुळे मानवासमोर गंभीर समस्या उभी राहिली आहे. सध्या कार्यरत असलेले अनेक उपग्रह या कचऱ्याच्या आघातामुळे निकामी होऊ शकतात. सर्वात मोठा धोका कायम मानवी वास्तव्य असलेल्या आंतरराष्ट्रीय अवकाश स्थानकाला आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;अगदी लहानसा तुकडाही उपग्रहाचं मोठं नुकसान करू शकतो. कारण अवकाशात फिरत असलेल्या सर्व तुकडय़ांना ताशी सुमारे २५ हजार कि.मी.चा वेग प्राप्त झालेला असतो. ज्याप्रमाणे वेगाने जाणाऱ्या विमानावर झालेला लहानशा चिमणीचा आघातही धोकादायक ठरू शकतो, त्याप्रमाणेच वेगाने आदळलेला तुकडा अवकाश स्थानकाला छिद्रदेखील पाडू शकतो. अशा लहानशा आघातामुळेही उपग्रहावरील उपकरणे निकामी होऊ शकतात. एक उपग्रह अंतराळात पाठवण्यासाठी झालेला कोटय़वधी रुपयांचा खर्च लक्षात घेता अशा अपघातांमुळे होणारं राष्ट्रीय संपत्तीचं नुकसानही लक्षात घेण्यासारखं आहे. उपग्रहांचा असा अपघात होण्याची शक्यता कमी असल्याने शास्त्रज्ञांनी धोक्याच्या सूचना देऊनही हे फारसं गांभीर्यानं घेतलं गेलं नाही. यामागचं महत्त्वाचं कारण असं, की अवकाशातील सर्व उपग्रह व अग्निबाणाचे अवशेषदेखील एकाच दिशेने- पश्चिमेकडून पूर्वेकडे फिरतात. पृथ्वीच्या गतीचा फायदा मिळवण्यासाठी सर्वच अग्निबाण या दिशेने पाठवले जातात. जसं एखाद्या महामार्गावरून एकाच दिशेने वेगाने जाणाऱ्या वाहनांचा अपघात होण्याची शक्यता कमी असते, त्याप्रमाणेच उपग्रहांचाही अपघात व्हायची शक्यता तुलनेने कमी आहे. उपग्रहांच्या बाबतीत एक महत्त्वाचा फरक असा, की रस्त्यांवर गाडय़ा आपापल्या ‘लेन्स’मधून एकमेकांना समांतर प्रवास करत असतात, तर अनेक उपग्रह व अवशेष विषुववृत्ताला वेगवेगळ्या कोनात फिरत असतात. त्यामुळे त्यांच्या अपघाताची शक्यताही वाढते.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;उपग्रहांच्या इतिहासात नोंदला गेलेला उपग्रह व अग्निबाणाच्या अवशेषाचा पहिला अपघात १९९६ मध्ये झाला. १९९५ मध्ये पाठवण्यात आलेल्या ‘सेरिज’ या फ्रेंच उपग्रहाची जुलै १९९६ मध्ये अग्निबाणाच्या एका अवशेषाशी टक्कर झाली. त्यामुळे सेरिज उपग्रहाचा एक भाग निकामी झाला व तो भरकटू लागला. सुदैवाने हे ताबडतोब लक्षात आल्यामुळे शास्त्रज्ञांना पुन्हा त्या उपग्रहावर नियंत्रण मिळवणं शक्य झालं. त्यानंतर झालेल्या अनेक लहान- लहान टकरींची नोंद आहे. पण रस्त्यावरून जाणाऱ्या गाडीवर एखादा लहान दगड आदळणं आणि दोन गाडय़ांची टक्कर होणं यात जमीन-अस्मानाचा फरक आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;मंगळवारी १० फेब्रुवारी रोजी अमेरिकेचा दळणवळण उपग्रह ‘इरीडीअम- ३३’ हा ५६० कि.ग्रॅ. वस्तुमानाचा उपग्रह त्याच्या ध्रुवीय कक्षेत फिरत होता. उड्डाणानंतर १२ वर्षांनी अजूनही कार्यरत असलेला हा उपग्रह ताशी २६ हजार किलोमीटर वेगाने पृथ्वीभोवती फिरत होता. त्याच वेळी १९९३ मध्ये अवकाशात पाठवलेला रशियाचा ९५० किलोग्रॅम वजनाचा ‘कॉसमॉस २२५१’ हा उपग्रह ताशी सुमारे २२ हजार कि.मी. वेगाने विषुववृत्ताला ५२ अंशाचा कोन करून फिरत होता. १९९५ पासून पूर्णपणे निकामी झालेल्या कॉसमॉस उपग्रहावर शास्त्रज्ञांचे काहीच नियंत्रण नव्हते. हे उपग्रह एकमेकांपासून काही अंतरांवरून निघून जातील असा शास्त्रज्ञांचा अंदाज होता. परंतु ७७६ कि.मी. उंचीवरून फिरणाऱ्या या उपग्रहांची भारतीय प्रमाणवेळेनुसार रात्री १० वाजून ३० मिनिटांनी टक्कर झाली आणि अवघे विज्ञानजगत हादरले! दोन उपग्रहांची अशी पहिल्यांदाच टक्कर होत होती. या टकरीच्या वेळी दोन्ही उपग्रहांचा एकत्रित वेग ताशी ४८ हजार कि.मी. इतका प्रचंड होता. टकरीमुळे दोनही उपग्रहांच्या ठिकऱ्या उडाल्या. सध्या या तुकडय़ांचे दोन मोठे पुंजके अवकाशात फिरत आहेत. याचा सर्वात मोठा धोका आंतरराष्ट्रीय अवकाश स्थानकाला निर्माण झाला आहे. या स्थानकात तीन अंतराळवीर असून त्यांच्या जीविताला कोणताही धोका पोहोचू नये, याची शास्त्रज्ञ काळजी घेत आहेत. सध्या ताबडतोब अवकाश स्थानकाला धोका नाही, कारण हा अपघात झाला ७७६ कि.मी. उंचीवर तर अवकाश स्थानक फिरत आहे ४३० कि.मी. उंचीवर. इरिडीअम-कॉसमॉसच्या टकरीमुळे विविध आंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्था खडबडून जाग्या झाल्या आहेत. कोणी किती उपग्रह सोडायचे व कोणत्या कक्षेत ठेवायचे, यावर आजपर्यंत कोणत्याही आंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थेचे नियंत्रण नाही. अवकाशात केलेला कचरा साफ कसा करायचा? मुख्य म्हणजे कोणी करायचा, याविषयीही काहीच स्पष्टता नाही. अशा अपघातामुळे झालेलं नुकसान कसं भरून काढायचं? आणि कोणाकडून? अशा घटनेला कोणाला जबाबदार धरायचं? असे अनेक प्रश्न आता गांभीर्याने चर्चेला घेण्याची वेळ आली आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;जगभर अनेक देशांची ‘सॅटेलाइट ट्रॅकिंग स्टेशन्स’ आहेत. त्यामार्फत सर्व उपग्रहांचा सतत मागोवा ठेवला जातो. अमेरिकेच्या वायुदलाचं ‘स्पेस सव्‍‌र्हेलन्स नेटवर्क’ अंतराळातील उपग्रहच नव्हेत, तर सर्व लहान-मोठय़ा अवशेषांचाही सतत मागोवा ठेवत असतं. १९५७ पासून कार्यरत असलेल्या ‘स्पेस सव्‍‌र्हेलन्स नेटवर्क’तर्फे १० सें.मी.पेक्षा मोठय़ा आकाराच्या अवशेषांचा वेध घेतला जातो. अशा २७ हजारपेक्षा जास्त वस्तूंची या संस्थेतर्फे माहिती गोळी करण्यात आली आहे. ही माहिती सर्वासाठी उपलब्ध असते. कोणता उपग्रह कोणत्या मार्गाने अवकाशातून कोणत्या वेळेला जाणार आहे, ही माहितीही इंटरनेटवर उपलब्ध असते. ज्या उपग्रहांच्या व अवशेषांच्या कक्षा एकमेकांना छेदतात व त्यांच्या आघातांची शक्यता असते त्यांची माहितीही प्रसृत करण्यात येते. इरिडीअम व कॉसमॉस हे उपग्रह एकमेकांपासून ५८४ मीटर अंतरावरून जातील, असं भाकीत असल्यामुळे सर्वजण निर्धास्त होते. उपग्रहांच्या कक्षा सूर्याच्या प्रारणामुळे किंवा पृथ्वी-चंद्राच्या गुरुत्वाकर्षणामुळे किंचितशा बदलू शकतात. या बदलामुळेच १० फेब्रुवारीचा अपघात कल्पना नसताना झाला. अन्यथा इरिडीअमचा मार्ग थोडासा बदलणं आणि हा अपघात टाळणं शास्त्रज्ञांना शक्य झालं असतं.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;असा अपघात पुन्हा होऊ नये व अवकाशातील कचऱ्याची योग्य ती विल्हेवाट लावली जावी, यासाठी संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघाच्या ‘कमिटी ऑन पीसफुल युझेस ऑफ आऊटर स्पेस’ या समितीचा विचारविमर्श सुरू झाला आहे. ‘सेक्युअर वर्ल्ड फाऊंडेशन’ या संस्थेनंही जगातील सर्व देशांमध्ये व आंतरराष्ट्रीय संस्थांमध्ये समन्वय असावा व अशा प्रकारचे अपघात टाळण्यासाठी आता तरी तातडीने उपाययोजना करावी, अशी मागणी केली आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;५२ वर्षांपूर्वी सुरू झालेल्या अवकाशयुगामुळे मानवजातीचा प्रचंड वेगाने विकास झाला. जग खऱ्या अर्थानं ‘ग्लोबल व्हिलेज’ झालं. पण या विकासाबरोबर निर्माण झालेली अवकाश कचऱ्याच्या प्रदूषणाची समस्या योग्य वेळीच हाताळली गेली पाहिजे. ज्याप्रमाणे पृथ्वीवर ध्वनी, जल व वायू प्रदूषणाचा भस्मासुर आपल्याला सतावत आहे त्याप्रमाणेच अंतराळातील हा भस्मासुरही आपल्याला ग्रासून टाकण्याआधीच त्याला काबूत आणलं पाहिजे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;इरिडीअम प्रकल्प&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;‘इरिडीअम ३३’ हा अपघात झालेला उपग्रह ६६ उपग्रहांच्या समूहापैकी एक आहे. ‘इरिडीअम सॅटेलाईट’ या कंपनीने अवकाशात पाठविलेले हे ६६ उपग्रह पृथ्वीभोवती उपग्रहांचं एक जाळंच निर्माण करतात. १९९८ पासून कार्यरत असलेली ही उपग्रह प्रणाली जगभर सॅटेलाईट फोन सेवा पुरवते. संपूर्ण पृथ्वीवर कोठेही इरीडीअम फोन सेवा पुरविली जाते. उत्तर ध्रुवापासून ते दक्षिण ध्रुवापर्यंत असा एकही भाग नाही की जेथे इरीडीअम फोन सेवा मिळत नाही. सहा अब्ज डॉलरच्या या प्रकल्पामध्ये ७७ उपग्रह असतील, अशी सुरवातीची योजना होती. इरीडीअम हे एक मूलद्रव्य आहे. त्याचा अणूक्रमांक ७७ आहे. इरिडीअम अणूच्या केंद्राभोवती ज्याप्रमाणे ७७ इलेक्ट्रॉन फिरत असतात, त्याप्रमाणे पृथ्वीभोवती ७७ इरिडीअम उपग्रह फिरतील, अशी कल्पना प्रकल्पाच्या आयोजकांनी केली होती. पुढे प्रकल्पाची किंमत प्रमाणापेक्षा जास्त वाढू लागल्याने उपग्रहांची संख्या ६६ वर मर्यादित ठेवण्यात आली. यातला इरिडिअम ३३ हा उपग्रह अपघातात नष्ट झाल्याने आता इरीडिअम उपग्रहांची संख्या ६५ वर&lt;br /&gt;आली आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;अवकाशात उपग्रह प्रक्षेपित करणारे देश : रशिया, अमेरिका, चीन, जपान, भारत, इस्राएल, युक्रेन, इराण व युरोपियन युनियन.&lt;br /&gt;स्पुटनिकपासून आजपर्यंत पाठविल्या गेलेल्या उपग्रहांची एकूण संख्या :&lt;br /&gt;६००० च्या वर.&lt;br /&gt;उपग्रहांच्या कक्षा :&lt;br /&gt;१) लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिट (१ कि.मी. ते २०० कि.मी)&lt;br /&gt;२) मीडिअम अर्थ ऑर्बिट (२०० कि.मी. ते ३५७८६ कि.मी.)&lt;br /&gt;३) हाय अर्थ ऑर्बिट (३५७८६ कि.मी.च्या वर)&lt;br /&gt;सर्वात जास्त उपग्रह असलेली कक्षा : लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिट&lt;br /&gt;लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिटमधली उपग्रहांची संख्या : २४५६&lt;br /&gt;लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिटमधल्या १० से.मी. पेक्षा मोठय़ा अवशेषांची संख्या :&lt;br /&gt;सुमारे ७ लाख.&lt;br /&gt;लो-अर्थ ऑर्बिटमधल्या एक से.मी. पेक्षा मोठय़ा अवशेषांची संख्या :&lt;br /&gt;सुमारे ६ लाख.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;उपग्रहांची टक्कर&lt;br /&gt;टक्करीचा दिवस : १० फेब्रुवारी २००९&lt;br /&gt;वेळ : वैश्विक वेळ १७.००(भारतीय प्रमाणवेळ १०.३०)&lt;br /&gt;टक्करीतला पहिला उपग्रह : इरीडीअम-३३, दळणवळण उपग्रह, अमेरिका.&lt;br /&gt;वस्तुमान : ५६० कि.ग्रॅ., कक्षा-ध्रुवीय&lt;br /&gt;वेग : ताशी २६ हजार कि.मी&lt;br /&gt;टक्करीतला दुसरा उपग्रह : कॉसमॉस-२२५१, मृत उपग्रह, रशिया.&lt;br /&gt;वस्तुमान : ९५० कि.ग्रॅ.,कक्षा- विषुववृत्तीय.&lt;br /&gt;वेग : ताशी २२ हजार कि.मी.&lt;br /&gt;टक्करीचे स्थळ : जमिनीपासून ७७६ कि.मी. उंचीवर&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-8289154549353864437?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/8289154549353864437/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=8289154549353864437' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8289154549353864437'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8289154549353864437'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2009/02/blog-post.html' title='अंतराळातील भस्मासूर'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaP4Dz58cSI/AAAAAAAAAs8/JS9V5ty1Iow/s72-c/Satellite+Cloud.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4878925968861910914</id><published>2008-07-26T21:36:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2008-07-26T21:40:32.291+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>US missile launch crew falls asleep</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SItMDbhzpdI/AAAAAAAAAg4/BKBGRc9sHMM/s1600-h/Airforce.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SItMDbhzpdI/AAAAAAAAAg4/BKBGRc9sHMM/s400/Airforce.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5227355414306465234" width="150" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;The Incident Comes On The Heels Of A Series Of Missteps By The Air Force&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Washington: Three ballistic missile crew members in North Dakota fell asleep while holding classified launch code devices this month, triggering an investigation by military and National Security Agency experts, the Air Force said on Thursday.&lt;br /&gt; The probe found that the missile launch codes were outdated and remained&lt;br /&gt;secure at all times. But the July 12 incident comes on the heels of a series of missteps by the Air Force that had already put the service under intense scrutiny. “This was just a procedural violation that we investigated,” said Air Force Col. Dewey Ford, a spokesman at Peterson Air Force Base in Colorado Springs, Colo. “We determined that there was no compromise.”&lt;br /&gt; The lapse, which involved a crew based at Minot Air Force Base, was serious enough, however, to prompt an investigation by the 91st Missile Wing, in conjunction with codes experts at the 20th Air Force, US strategic command and the national security agency.&lt;br /&gt; And it delivers another blow to the beleaguered Air Force. Last month, defence secretary Robert Gates announced a sweeping shake-up of the Air Force leadership, blaming them for failing to fully address a series of nuclear-related mishaps. At the time, Gates said his decisions to sack the Air Force secretary and chief of staff were&lt;br /&gt; based mainly on the blistering conclusions of an internal report&lt;br /&gt; on the mistaken shipment to Taiwan of&lt;br /&gt; four Air Force&lt;br /&gt; fusing devices for ballistic missile nuclear warheads. He also linked the underlying causes of that slip-up to the August incident in which a B-52 bomber was mistakenly armed with six nuclear warheads and flown from Minot Air Force Base to Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana.&lt;br /&gt; No one has been punished yet in the latest Minot incident involving sleeping crew members. A continuing review by Minot commanders will determine what, if any, actions will be taken against them. Ford and other Air Force officials said the Minot-based crew had code devices that were no longer useable, since new codes had been installed in the missiles.&lt;br /&gt;The three crew members, who are in the 91st Missile Wing, were in the missile alert facility about 70 miles from Minot. That facility includes crew rest areas and sits above the underground control centre where the actual keys can be turned to launch the ballistic missiles.&lt;br /&gt;Officials said the three officers were behind locked doors and had with them the old code components, which are large classified devices that allow the crew to communicate with the missiles. Launch codes are part of the component, and the devices were described as large, metal boxes. Ford said they were waiting to get back to base “and they fell asleep.”&lt;br /&gt; It is not clear how long they were asleep.&lt;br /&gt; There are periodic, regularly scheduled code changes, and there was a crew of four on duty. One of the crew members was not in the room with the other three at the time they fell asleep, the Air Force said. The investigation concluded that the codes had remained secured in their containers, which have combination locks that can only be opened by the crew. The containers remained with the crew at all time, and the facility is guarded by armed security forces.&lt;br /&gt; Sen. Byron Dorgan, D-N.D., called the series of nuclear missteps involving Minot Air Force Base disappointing and unfortunate. “This appears to me to be an incident in which codes were not compromised but some rules were broken, and those broken rules were reported,” Dorgan said. “This does not appear to me to be equal to flying an airplane loaded with nuclear weapons halfway across the county — that was extraordinarily serious. AP&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4878925968861910914?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4878925968861910914/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4878925968861910914' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4878925968861910914'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4878925968861910914'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2008/07/us-missile-launch-crew-falls-asleep.html' title='US missile launch crew falls asleep'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SItMDbhzpdI/AAAAAAAAAg4/BKBGRc9sHMM/s72-c/Airforce.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-3588225834138592731</id><published>2008-06-14T21:19:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T21:33:28.111+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Maps'/><title type='text'>Popular Nagar</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa9O7X_3XI/AAAAAAAAAyE/mKzqEwnAf-U/s1600-h/Popular+Nagar.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa9O7X_3XI/AAAAAAAAAyE/mKzqEwnAf-U/s400/Popular+Nagar.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307137275056872818" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SFPo_gBNVMI/AAAAAAAAAgU/Qlaj0_DuA3w/s1600-h/Popular+Nagar.jpg"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-3588225834138592731?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/3588225834138592731/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=3588225834138592731' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3588225834138592731'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3588225834138592731'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2008/06/popular-nagar.html' title='Popular Nagar'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa9O7X_3XI/AAAAAAAAAyE/mKzqEwnAf-U/s72-c/Popular+Nagar.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4810201619227224009</id><published>2008-06-03T22:28:00.004+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T21:30:43.319+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Maps'/><title type='text'>Mumbai Airport Terminals</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Santacruz Domestic Terminal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa7qOuGauI/AAAAAAAAAx0/oJG0I0PP3ts/s1600-h/Santacruz.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa7qOuGauI/AAAAAAAAAx0/oJG0I0PP3ts/s400/Santacruz.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307135545083063010" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Sahar International Terminal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa8BRAVIFI/AAAAAAAAAx8/3NvbS2AnAM8/s1600-h/Sahar.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 400px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa8BRAVIFI/AAAAAAAAAx8/3NvbS2AnAM8/s400/Sahar.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307135940833386578" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4810201619227224009?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4810201619227224009/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4810201619227224009' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4810201619227224009'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4810201619227224009'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2008/06/mumbai-airport-terminals.html' title='Mumbai Airport Terminals'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa7qOuGauI/AAAAAAAAAx0/oJG0I0PP3ts/s72-c/Santacruz.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-9096147006064827610</id><published>2008-02-28T21:55:00.010+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T21:46:43.116+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Maps'/><title type='text'>INS Vikramaditya at Severodvinsk Shipyard, Russia</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;INS Vikramaditya (Formerly Admiral Gorshkov) Aircraft Carrier is being refitted for Indian navy at Severodvinsk Shipyard in Northern Russia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SabAKP6hwmI/AAAAAAAAAyk/ljS7weZZ1vo/s1600-h/INS+Vikramaditya+01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 242px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SabAKP6hwmI/AAAAAAAAAyk/ljS7weZZ1vo/s400/INS+Vikramaditya+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307140493205946978" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa__6j3ESI/AAAAAAAAAyc/u_URUZMZO1Y/s1600-h/INS+Vikramaditya+02.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 242px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa__6j3ESI/AAAAAAAAAyc/u_URUZMZO1Y/s400/INS+Vikramaditya+02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307140315675037986" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa_3P8BEDI/AAAAAAAAAyU/2hYC9vbeMak/s1600-h/INS+Vikramaditya+03.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 242px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa_3P8BEDI/AAAAAAAAAyU/2hYC9vbeMak/s400/INS+Vikramaditya+03.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307140166794678322" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa_roaNbhI/AAAAAAAAAyM/1zxU7Q4r7O4/s1600-h/INS+Vikramaditya+04.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 242px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa_roaNbhI/AAAAAAAAAyM/1zxU7Q4r7O4/s400/INS+Vikramaditya+04.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307139967205338642" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-9096147006064827610?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/9096147006064827610/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=9096147006064827610' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/9096147006064827610'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/9096147006064827610'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2008/02/ins-vikramaditya-at-severodvinsk.html' title='INS Vikramaditya at Severodvinsk Shipyard, Russia'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SabAKP6hwmI/AAAAAAAAAyk/ljS7weZZ1vo/s72-c/INS+Vikramaditya+01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-3417442497037840636</id><published>2008-02-20T22:49:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2008-02-20T22:51:48.418+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Video'/><title type='text'>Evolution (Funny Mentos Ad)</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/fzhBg1Lt2Zc&amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/fzhBg1Lt2Zc&amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="355"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-3417442497037840636?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/3417442497037840636/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=3417442497037840636' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3417442497037840636'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3417442497037840636'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2008/02/evolution-funny-mentos-ad.html' title='Evolution (Funny Mentos Ad)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-1827020102950170308</id><published>2008-02-16T23:25:00.005+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:32:05.655+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>लज्जा - तस्लीमा नसरीन (अनु. लीना सोहोनी) (दर्जा ***)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQZxiZcg9I/AAAAAAAAAt8/c78ZEhyiWgQ/s1600-h/lajja.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQZxiZcg9I/AAAAAAAAAt8/c78ZEhyiWgQ/s200/lajja.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306394599787103186" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;१९७२ साली भारताने बांग्लादेशला स्वातंत्र्य मिळवून दिले. त्यावेळी हा देश आपले हे उपकार एवढ्या लवकर विसरेल असे वाटले नव्हते. स्वातंत्र्यानंतर काही वर्षांतच या देशाने इस्लामिकरण चालू केले, आणि देशातील इतर जमातींना या ना त्याप्रकारे देशाबाहेर हाकलून द्यायला सुरु केले. १९९२ चे बाबरी मशिद प्रकरण तेथिल हिंदू लोकांना बाहेर हाकलण्यास पुरेसे होते. तस्लिमा नसरीन यांनी लिहीलेले हे पुस्तक बाबरी मशिद उध्वस्त झाल्यानंतरच्या बांग्लादेशमधिल परीस्थितीचा आढावा घेते. त्यासाठी तिने सुरंजन नावाच्या काल्पनिक हिंदू पात्राचा आणि त्याच्या कुटूंबियांवर गुदरलेल्या प्रसंगाचा आधार घेतला आहे. बांग्लादेशाच्या स्वातंत्र्याच्या वेळी तेथे हिंदुंचे प्रमाण जवळ्जवळ २० टक्के होते ते आता ५ टक्के राहीले आहे. यावरुनच किती लोकांनी तिथून पलायन केले आहे हे लक्षात येते. या लोकांचे गंतव्यस्थान भारत असणार हे वेगळे सांगायला नको. आधिच प्रचंड लोकसंख्येच्या बोज्याखाली चिरडलेल्या भारताला आणखी किती निर्वासितांचा बोजा सोसावा लागणार आहे कोण जाणे. काही वर्षांपुर्वीच फिजीतून भारतीय लोकांना हाकलण्यात आले. आता मलेशियातील भारतीय लोकांवर अत्याचार होत असल्याचे ऐकायला मिळते. भारत सरकारने त्यावर काळजी व्यक्त करताच, आमच्या अंतर्गत मामल्यात ढवळाढवळ करु नका अशी चपराकही देण्यास मलेशिया सरकारने कमी केले नाही. आंतरराष्ट्रीय राजकारणात भारताची पत किती आहे हेच या प्रकरणातून दिसून येते. मलेशिया तर सोडाच पण ज्या बांग्लादेशाला आपण एकेकाळी हजारो सैनिकांचे बलिदान देऊन मुक्त केले, तोही उर्मटपणाची भाषा करतो. भारताच्या मिळमिळीत आंतरराष्ट्रीय धोरणाचीच ही परिणीती आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;१९९२ साली एक बाबरी मशिद पाडताच मुस्लिम जगाने एवढा हंगामा केला, परंतु त्यानंतर सर्व मुस्लिम राष्ट्रांत हजारो मंदिरांची मोडतोड करण्यात आली त्याबद्दल कोणीच काही बोलत नाही. तस्लिमाने एक मुसलमान असुनही हिंदुंच्याबाजूने लिहीलेली ही कथा विलक्षण आहे. यात तिने १९९२ च्या दंगलीनंतर घडलेल्या घटनांचे सविस्तर वर्णन केले आहे. काही ठिकाणी हे वर्णन भलतेच लांबले आहे, पण आपण ते टाळूनही पुस्तकाचे वाचन करु शकतो. या दंगलीचा सुरंजन या आशावादी हिंदु कुटुंबावर झालेला परीणाम, सुरंजनची मनोवस्था, त्याचे वडील सुधामय बाबूंचा बांग्लादेशमधिल जातीय सलोख्यावरील विश्वास आणि देशप्रेम, त्याची आई किरणमयी हिची हतबलता यासर्वांचे सुरेख वर्णन तस्लिमा बाईंनी केले आहे. या मुळ बंगाली भाषेतील पुस्तकाचा मराठी भाषेत लिना सोहोनी यांनी केलेला अनुवाद अतिशय सुरेखा झाला आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;तसे पाहीले तर या पुस्तकात लेखिकेने इस्लाम धर्माविषयी कोणतीही टीका अथवा टीप्पणी केली नाही आहे. तरी या पुस्तकावर बांग्लादेशमध्ये बंदी घालण्यात आली आहे. मुस्लिम समाज या लेखिकेवर संतप्त असून तिच्यावर हल्ले आणि फतवे काढण्यात आले आहेत. सध्या लेखिका भारतात आश्रीत असून तिला सुरक्षेच्या कारणावरुन राजस्थानमध्ये वास्तव्य करावे लागते आहे. सत्ताधारी कॉंग्रेस पक्षही मुस्लिम समाजाची नाराजी टाळण्यासाठी लेखिकेला भारतात कायमचा आश्रय देण्यास तयार नाही. केवळ वोट बॅंक जपण्यासाठी हे राजकीय पक्ष काहिही करण्यास तयार असतात. या पुस्तकात बांग्लादेशमध्ये घडत असलेली एक सत्य घटना जगासमोर मांडण्याचा प्रयत्न केला आहे. केवळ एका ठराविक समाजाची नाराजी टाळण्यासाठी त्यावर बंदी घालणे अथवा तिच्या लेखिकेला निर्वासित करणे म्हणजे मानवतेला आणि व्यक्तिस्वातंत्र्याला काळिमा फासण्यासारखे आहे.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-1827020102950170308?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/1827020102950170308/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=1827020102950170308' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1827020102950170308'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1827020102950170308'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2008/02/blog-post.html' title='लज्जा - तस्लीमा नसरीन (अनु. लीना सोहोनी) (दर्जा ***)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQZxiZcg9I/AAAAAAAAAt8/c78ZEhyiWgQ/s72-c/lajja.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-877909233132754395</id><published>2008-01-16T22:40:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-25T20:17:45.063+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Photo Gallery'/><title type='text'>Tata Motor's journey from trucks to Nano</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZlR2jeuI/AAAAAAAAAw8/iMiNjMtrpJg/s1600-h/Tata01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 244px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZlR2jeuI/AAAAAAAAAw8/iMiNjMtrpJg/s400/Tata01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306746232908249826" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZlWuc6gI/AAAAAAAAAw0/G95JuVzao8I/s1600-h/Tata02.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 244px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZlWuc6gI/AAAAAAAAAw0/G95JuVzao8I/s400/Tata02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306746234216442370" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZWDR9b5I/AAAAAAAAAws/SGK6M3l9fB4/s1600-h/Tata03.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 247px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZWDR9b5I/AAAAAAAAAws/SGK6M3l9fB4/s400/Tata03.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745971298627474" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZWPVoGAI/AAAAAAAAAwk/DNiAmEUrkcQ/s1600-h/Tata04.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 243px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZWPVoGAI/AAAAAAAAAwk/DNiAmEUrkcQ/s400/Tata04.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745974535231490" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZWCONkEI/AAAAAAAAAwc/KEVdG0kjeyo/s1600-h/Tata05.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 243px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZWCONkEI/AAAAAAAAAwc/KEVdG0kjeyo/s400/Tata05.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745971014471746" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZWHkbl1I/AAAAAAAAAwU/axpw3YYd_pk/s1600-h/Tata06.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 248px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZWHkbl1I/AAAAAAAAAwU/axpw3YYd_pk/s400/Tata06.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745972449843026" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZV_srGfI/AAAAAAAAAwM/mbxEcU-Vv1c/s1600-h/Tata07.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 241px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZV_srGfI/AAAAAAAAAwM/mbxEcU-Vv1c/s400/Tata07.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745970336930290" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwYsJeXI/AAAAAAAAAwE/hggyA0764j0/s1600-h/Tata08.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwYsJeXI/AAAAAAAAAwE/hggyA0764j0/s400/Tata08.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745324210583922" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwaNuRWI/AAAAAAAAAv8/ex1KrWaDLhw/s1600-h/Tata09.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 245px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwaNuRWI/AAAAAAAAAv8/ex1KrWaDLhw/s400/Tata09.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745324619842914" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwZC6igI/AAAAAAAAAv0/ZEHryAKKHvw/s1600-h/Tata10.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 242px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwZC6igI/AAAAAAAAAv0/ZEHryAKKHvw/s400/Tata10.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745324306074114" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwDkziMI/AAAAAAAAAvs/6nN3OMMrK3Y/s1600-h/Tata11.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 287px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwDkziMI/AAAAAAAAAvs/6nN3OMMrK3Y/s400/Tata11.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745318542641346" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwMc8EUI/AAAAAAAAAvk/z3GMVBSk8dE/s1600-h/Tata12.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 250px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYwMc8EUI/AAAAAAAAAvk/z3GMVBSk8dE/s400/Tata12.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306745320925565250" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYSRInOnI/AAAAAAAAAvc/tqgRozJoiNQ/s1600-h/Tata13.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 240px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYSRInOnI/AAAAAAAAAvc/tqgRozJoiNQ/s400/Tata13.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306744806786415218" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYSMQO0YI/AAAAAAAAAvU/9jucxjxdYb4/s1600-h/Tata14.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 295px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVYSMQO0YI/AAAAAAAAAvU/9jucxjxdYb4/s400/Tata14.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306744805476192642" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-877909233132754395?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/877909233132754395/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=877909233132754395' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/877909233132754395'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/877909233132754395'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2008/01/tata-motors-journey-from-trucks-to-nano.html' title='Tata Motor&apos;s journey from trucks to Nano'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVZlR2jeuI/AAAAAAAAAw8/iMiNjMtrpJg/s72-c/Tata01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-7035997758965106481</id><published>2007-12-22T12:07:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-12-22T12:19:17.515+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Video'/><title type='text'>People of the World Unite</title><content type='html'>I am so impressed by this ad on TV that, I decided to post its Youtube clip  on this blog.  The clip shows two kids  standing across border.  One of the kid  playing football happens to kick it over the fences and calls other kid to kick it back. Uncertain about what to do the other kid decides to kick it back over the fence. Pleased by this action the first kid invites other kid to play football in between the fences. The message is there is solution to all problems if we could just keep our differences aside and talk to each other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/uNSF0WIZw2s&amp;amp;rel=1"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/uNSF0WIZw2s&amp;amp;rel=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="355" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-7035997758965106481?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/7035997758965106481/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=7035997758965106481' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7035997758965106481'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7035997758965106481'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/12/people-of-world-unite.html' title='People of the World Unite'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-8069508851014469775</id><published>2007-09-16T12:04:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T22:07:26.937+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google Maps'/><title type='text'>Gateway of India &amp; Naval Dockyard, Mumbai</title><content type='html'>&lt;iframe marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;ll=18.92756,72.837811&amp;amp;spn=0.283647,0.635147&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=15&amp;amp;om=1&amp;amp;output=embed&amp;amp;s=AARTsJqzARj-Z8VnW5pkPMLMmZbqrJcYpw" scrolling="no" width="400" frameborder="0" height="400"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;ll=18.92756,72.837811&amp;amp;spn=0.283647,0.635147&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;z=15&amp;amp;om=1&amp;amp;source=embed" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-align: left;"&gt;View Larger Map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Naval Warships&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;om=1&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;ll=18.930046,72.839602&amp;amp;spn=0.004963,0.009463&amp;amp;z=17&amp;amp;output=embed&amp;amp;s=AARTsJoSsYoYoO_66rNGReWiX85WI-Nk6Q" scrolling="no" width="400" frameborder="0" height="400"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;om=1&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;ll=18.930046,72.839602&amp;amp;spn=0.004963,0.009463&amp;amp;z=17" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-align: left;"&gt;View Larger Map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;INS Vikrant (Now a Museum)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;iframe marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;om=1&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;ll=18.931249,72.842907&amp;amp;spn=0.002481,0.004731&amp;amp;z=18&amp;amp;output=embed&amp;amp;s=AARTsJoSsYoYoO_66rNGReWiX85WI-Nk6Q" scrolling="no" width="400" frameborder="0" height="450"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;a href="http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&amp;amp;t=h&amp;amp;om=1&amp;amp;source=embed&amp;amp;ll=18.931249,72.842907&amp;amp;spn=0.002481,0.004731&amp;amp;z=18" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); text-align: left;"&gt;View Larger Map&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-8069508851014469775?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/8069508851014469775/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=8069508851014469775' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8069508851014469775'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8069508851014469775'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/google-map.html' title='Gateway of India &amp; Naval Dockyard, Mumbai'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-1384380329157179225</id><published>2007-09-16T10:57:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-25T20:29:10.965+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Photo Gallery'/><title type='text'>New satellite to sharpen Google Earth</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVcmzXPH_I/AAAAAAAAAxE/tjEUkXPD52U/s1600-h/Digital+Globe.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 320px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVcmzXPH_I/AAAAAAAAAxE/tjEUkXPD52U/s400/Digital+Globe.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306749557618450418" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;DigitalGlobe's WorldView I satellite is seen in an undated artists rendering. DigitalGlobe, provider of imagery for Google Inc.'s interactive mapping program Google Earth, said a new high-resolution satellite will boost the accuracy of its satellite images and flesh out its archive.&lt;br /&gt;Source : Reuters/DigitalGlobe/Handout&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-1384380329157179225?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/1384380329157179225/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=1384380329157179225' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1384380329157179225'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1384380329157179225'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/new-satellite-to-sharpen-google-earth.html' title='New satellite to sharpen Google Earth'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaVcmzXPH_I/AAAAAAAAAxE/tjEUkXPD52U/s72-c/Digital+Globe.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-2064240518219973985</id><published>2007-09-15T22:01:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-15T22:16:58.192+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>INS Jalashwa joins eastern command fleet</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RuwJ9zsHKvI/AAAAAAAAAN4/-izX_1z1G6M/s1600-h/INS+Jalashwa+03.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RuwJ9zsHKvI/AAAAAAAAAN4/-izX_1z1G6M/s200/INS+Jalashwa+03.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5110470634610567922" border="0" width="110" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RuwJlzsHKuI/AAAAAAAAANw/PbKo-cdHD5I/s1600-h/INS+Jalashwa+02.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RuwJlzsHKuI/AAAAAAAAANw/PbKo-cdHD5I/s200/INS+Jalashwa+02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5110470222293707490" try="" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RuwJYzsHKtI/AAAAAAAAANo/M4vFAu5g4Gc/s1600-h/INS+Jalashwa+01.jpg" border="0" width="110" /&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RuwJYzsHKtI/AAAAAAAAANo/M4vFAu5g4Gc/s200/INS+Jalashwa+01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5110469998955408082" border="0" width="110" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INS Jalashwa, the latest induction into the Indian Navy, arrived at Visakhapatnam on PM 12 Sep 07 after being commissioned at Norfolk, USA on 22 Jun 07. ‘Jalashwa’, (a Sanskrit name of the Hippopotamus), with its Motto ‘The Fearless Pioneers’, is an amphibious assault ship that can embark, transport and land various elements of an amphibious force to support operations ashore. This is the 1st ship to be transferred from the US besides being the 1st Landing Platform Dock (LPD) to be acquired by the Navy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The second largest ship in the Navy’s inventory, INS Jalashwa is equipped with a Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM-8) along with Seaking helicopters, Radars and rapid firing guns to undertake amphibious operations, Maritime surveillance, Special operations, Search and Rescue, Medical support and also Humanitarian relief.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The specialty of this ship is the ‘Well Deck’ housing the LCM-8 which can be launched by flooding the ‘Well deck’ and operating the hinged gate at the rear end of the ship. The ship’s cargo space enhances the equipment carrying capability.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unlike regular warships, this ship has a flight deck for helicopter operations from which four medium helicopters can operate simultaneously. This deck can also be used to operate vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft like the Sea Harrier, in special circumstances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the ship is capable of embarking over 1000 troops, she is fully equipped with extensive medical facilities including four Operation Theatres, 12-bed ward, Laboratory and a Dental centre to ensure the health care of the embarked personnel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INS Jalashwa is commanded by Captain BS Ahluwalia, a helicopter pilot and manned by a crew of about 27 Officers and 380 sailors. With a length of about 175 metres and width of 32 metres, the ship is capable of doing speeds of 20 Knots.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On arrival at Visakhapatnam, the ship was accorded a warm reception by senior officers of the Command and families of the crew. The Navy Band was in attendance. INS Jalashwa will now form part of the Eastern Fleet under the Eastern Naval Command.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-2064240518219973985?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/2064240518219973985/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=2064240518219973985' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/2064240518219973985'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/2064240518219973985'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/ins-jalashwa-joins-eastern-command.html' title='INS Jalashwa joins eastern command fleet'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RuwJ9zsHKvI/AAAAAAAAAN4/-izX_1z1G6M/s72-c/INS+Jalashwa+03.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4244760152183029459</id><published>2007-09-15T18:08:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T21:01:29.704+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diary'/><title type='text'>There is no democracy in India</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa0gqJOl5I/AAAAAAAAAxM/dSRd7A1tHjU/s1600-h/india60.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa0gqJOl5I/AAAAAAAAAxM/dSRd7A1tHjU/s200/india60.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307127684064515986" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The usual suspects made the usual speeches on August 15, mouthing the usual pure cant. But the sad fact remains that 60 years after the grasping imperialists left, India has comprehensively under-achieved on all fronts; all that has changed is the skin-colour of the looters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ten years ago, I was far more optimistic, and wrote about the coming Indian century; today, despite the obvious progress made on the economic front, I am overwhelmed by a sense of disappointment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I have been discouraged by what I have observed in the last 10 years. The loss of heritage. The disdain for indigenous civilisation. The perversion of the discourse in the country by Stalinist 'intellectuals'. The regular terrorist attacks that cheapen Indian lives. The total non-reaction by government to oppression of people of Indian origin abroad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And so I have come to realise that freedom is very different from mere independence. There is no freedom for the common man in India: not freedom from want, nor freedom of expression or thought, nor freedom to aspire to greatness, nor freedom from the ravages of endemic corruption. The State is so feeble that India can fairly be termed a failing State. The Indian State punches so far below its weight that it might as well not exist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The failure is both domestic and global. Individual Indians are shackled, and the blunders of the past 60 years conspire to create a state of permanent slavery for the nation. That is the biggest disappointment of all: Indians aspire to mediocrity. Indians simply cannot imagine that they can recapture their historical primacy as the greatest innovators, the most prosperous nation on earth.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The facts are out there for anyone to read: For instance, economic historian Angus Maddison's World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, an official European Union publication, shows that during practically the entire period 0-1700 CE India was the world's richest nation. There is circumstantial evidence, too: The fact that every barbarian, from Alexander the Macedonian, to sundry Central Asians, to random Europeans, all invaded India. People intent on loot do not invade poor countries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India is on the way to economic superpower-dom, according to the dramatic Goldman Sachs reports (Dreaming with BRICs and India's Rising Growth Potential). And indeed, in the last few years, the world has recognised that India will be an engine of the Asian century, hyphenated with China (much, incidentally, to the latter's chagrin).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But it is only foreigners who acknowledge India's potential. Indians themselves are still colonised. Having destroyed indigenous education, the colonialists put in place a system designed to suppress creativity and produce drones who would toil for the empire. It drums into the minds of children the idea that everything native to India is worthless.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This project has succeeded beyond Macaulay's wildest dreams (see his infamous Minutes) in creating a nation of the terminally confused. Exhibits A and B: India's finance minister opined recently that India was always a poor country; some time ago, his boss, the prime minister, complimented imperialists on the good they did! Aren't these people economists? All they have to do is to read Great Victorian Holocausts: El Nino and the Making of the Third World to understand the appalling war crime, including the genocide of at least 20 million people, perpetrated on India by the imperialists.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, in an example of undeserved tolerance towards rapacious foreigners, Indians shut their eyes to the dangers of Economics 101: choosing to only make butter, and no guns. We need guns to protect our butter. Thus the great dangers in the sustained and inexplicable efforts recently to make India for all intents and purposes a nuclear vassal of the United States.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brought up to believe they are worthless, Indians aspire to be second-best. Only Indians go to the Olympics to be sporting losers, not to win. Nobody else chants the meaningless mantra that what matters is participation; no, Virginia, the only thing that matters is winning. India seeks to play second fiddle to somebody, be it Americans, Chinese, Arabs -- somebody, anybody. This is a disease that may have to be excised by large-scale lobotomies; or perhaps by burning down a certain university that is its epicentre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India has been a hectoring busybody on the global stage, lecturing everybody on morality and virtue. It is also easy prey: A nation that can be induced to commit collective suicide through the expedient of buying off its media and politicians for chump change. The number of fifth-columnists in India has reached record proportions. India has 'friends of America', 'friends of China', 'friends of Saudi Arabia', 'friends of the Vatican' in high places, but hardly anyone is a friend of India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yes, there is formal independence, but there is no freedom. There is, for instance, no respite from the State religion, some baffling animal called 'secularism', which basically means total apartheid against large groups of people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The State excels in perpetuating the most ridiculous system ever invented: A chimera that combines all the vices of Communism and Capitalism and none of the virtues. The idiocies and inefficiencies of the first and the thievery and inequities of the second; but not the iron discipline and will nor the unshackled flair for getting ahead. The State has interfered in everything it has no business being in: running airlines, hotels, and so forth; and it has been practically invisible in everything it is the one and only provider of: infrastructure, defence, social programs, human rights. Crony capitalism and the license raj run rampant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The State has also failed to provide basic human necessities: the infamous 'bread, clothing and shelter' that every government has promised loudly but never delivered. People in many parts of India are opting for privatized education, water supply and road-maintenance -- fed up with State incompetence, indifference and inefficiency, a testament to how badly the State has performed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is obvious that wherever the State exited -- or never interfered in, not realizing that here was yet another opportunity to screw up royally -- the native genius of the people has enabled India to thrive: for instance, in telecommunications, in information technology.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Indian State, in sum, is predatory. It preys on the very people it is sworn and duty-bound to protect and nurture.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nor is there democracy in India, other than some strange beast that has the paraphernalia and form, but not the substance of rule of, by and for the people. Instead it is of, by and for the brown sahib, who is only interested in self-aggrandisement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is little to cheer about 60 years after power has been grabbed by Macaulay's children, the said brown sahibs, almost every one of them a crook willing to sell the national interest down the river. They have perpetrated a crime against humanity by preventing 400 million Indians from climbing out of poverty and by creating a personality-cult-ridden, corrupt, failing State.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Author - Rajeev Srinivasan&lt;br /&gt;Source - &lt;a href="http://www.rediff.com/india60/2007/sep/10rajeev.htm"&gt;http://www.rediff.com/india60/2007/sep/10rajeev.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Author's Blog - &lt;a href="http://rajeev2007.wordpress.com/"&gt;http://rajeev2007.wordpress.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="f11"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td height="10"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4244760152183029459?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4244760152183029459/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4244760152183029459' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4244760152183029459'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4244760152183029459'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/there-is-no-democracy-in-india.html' title='There is no democracy in India'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa0gqJOl5I/AAAAAAAAAxM/dSRd7A1tHjU/s72-c/india60.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-3857944467436861389</id><published>2007-09-13T18:10:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-13T18:55:53.348+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>Russia tests giant fuel-air bomb</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Ruk03jsHKjI/AAAAAAAAAMY/kCAmr-qf5iI/s1600-h/bomb.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Ruk03jsHKjI/AAAAAAAAAMY/kCAmr-qf5iI/s320/bomb.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5109673381306247730" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The Russian air force has tested a giant fuel-air bomb which the military says is the biggest non-nuclear explosive device in the world. Russian TV showed a Tupolev bomber dropping the bomb over a test range, a powerful explosion and a four-storey building reduced to rubble. Claims it is bigger than the Moab, a US device of similar destructive power, seem plausible, analysts say. Such bombs are mainly designed to destroy underground targets.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fuel-air bombs, technically known as thermobaric devices, generally detonate in two stages: a small blast creates a cloud of explosive material, which is then ignited with devastating effect. The name Moab officially stands for Massive Ordnance Air Burst but has unofficially been interpreted as Mother Of All Bombs. The Russian bomb, which has no known official name, has been dubbed Father of All Bombs by its designers, Russia's Channel One News says in its report.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It contains about seven tons of high explosives compared with more than eight for the Moab but is four times more powerful because it uses a new type of explosives developed with the use of nanotechnology, according to the channel. "Test results of the new airborne weapon have shown that its efficiency and power is commensurate with a nuclear weapon," Gen Alexander Rukshin, Russian deputy armed forces chief of staff, told the channel. It has, he says, "no match in the world".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Psychological value&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object height="350" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/QkWCCzwV14A"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/QkWCCzwV14A" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="350" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Robert Hewson, editor of Jane's Air-launched Weapons, believes that the Russian claims are plausible given the country's track record in developing, and using, fuel-air devices. It is believed the bomb has not been used in action "I think the likelihood is that this is the world's biggest non-nuclear bomb," he told the BBC News website. "You can argue about the numbers and how you scale this but the Russians have a long and proven history of developing weapons in the thermobaric class."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Russia used such weapons in Afghanistan and Chechnya, Hewson says, and he suspects that the bomb shown on TV was conceived for the Chechen conflict but never actually used because of the sheer scale of the destruction it could wreak. He believes that the test blast was a "statement" by Russia comparable in its psychological effect to America's demonstration of the Moab just before the 2003 invasion of Iraq - a demonstration never followed up by its actual use.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The Russians are in a phase of needing to make statements at the moment and have done the same thing," Hewson says. The giant bomb was transported by a Tu-160 "Blackjack" supersonic bomber, itself in the news recently when Russia revived the Soviet practice of sending heavy bombers out on long-range flights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Ruk2rjsHKkI/AAAAAAAAAMg/1CFjHfHgEIQ/s1600-h/bomb2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Ruk2rjsHKkI/AAAAAAAAAMg/1CFjHfHgEIQ/s400/bomb2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5109675374171073090" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-3857944467436861389?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/3857944467436861389/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=3857944467436861389' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3857944467436861389'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/3857944467436861389'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/russia-tests-giant-fuel-air-bomb.html' title='Russia tests giant fuel-air bomb'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Ruk03jsHKjI/AAAAAAAAAMY/kCAmr-qf5iI/s72-c/bomb.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4394403136059593832</id><published>2007-09-08T18:20:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-08T22:57:27.069+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Video'/><title type='text'>Free your iPod with Rockbox</title><content type='html'>&lt;object height="350" width="425"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/cK9LiYyyWDY"&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;object height="350" width="425"&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/cK9LiYyyWDY" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" height="350" width="425"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4394403136059593832?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4394403136059593832/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4394403136059593832' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4394403136059593832'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4394403136059593832'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/free-your-ipod-with-rockbox.html' title='Free your iPod with Rockbox'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-952476023902456077</id><published>2007-09-04T16:44:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-04T16:46:54.939+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Video'/><title type='text'>A very funny phone Ad</title><content type='html'>&lt;object width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/nRKIDdIaFyE"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;param name="wmode" value="transparent"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/nRKIDdIaFyE" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="350"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-952476023902456077?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/952476023902456077/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=952476023902456077' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/952476023902456077'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/952476023902456077'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/very-funny-phone-ad.html' title='A very funny phone Ad'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4303541936297668739</id><published>2007-08-03T22:59:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:01:48.876+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>सबकुछ "वायरलेस'</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQSeyqqc_I/AAAAAAAAAtM/tf5StF0IClY/s1600-h/wireless.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQSeyqqc_I/AAAAAAAAAtM/tf5StF0IClY/s400/wireless.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306386581155378162" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;( सुरेंद्र पाटसकर,  सकाळ)&lt;br /&gt;संगणक, डीव्हीडी, म्युझिक सिस्टिम अशी अनेक उपकरणे आपण वापरतो. या उपकरणांपाठोपाठ येते ते वायरींचे भले मोठे जंजाळ. या उपकरणांच्या यादीत लॅपटॉप, मोबाईल, एमपी थ्री प्लेअर, आयपॉड, डिजिटल कॅमेरा यांसारख्या उपकरणांची रोज भर पडत आहे. बहुतेक सगळी नवी उपकरणे वापरण्यासाठी त्यातील बॅटरीत विद्युतशक्ती साठवलेली असते. ........&lt;br /&gt;बॅटरी संपल्यावर पुन्हा "चार्ज' केली, की ते उपकरण कुठेही वापरता येते; पण या "चार्जिंग'साठी आपल्याला वायरींच्या या जंजाळात शिरावेच लागते. अनेकदा आपण बाहेर कुठेतरी असतो आणि बॅटरी संपते त्या वेळी नेमका "चार्जर' आपल्याकडे नसतो. घरी असतानाही आठवणीने बॅटरी चार्ज केली नाही की बाहेर पडल्यावर त्या उपकरणाचे ओझे होते. हे सगळे वायरींचे जंजाळ सांभाळणे, वेगवेगळ्या उपकरणांचे वेगवेगळे चार्जर सांभाळणे यापासून मुक्तता मिळू शकेल का? याचे उत्तर आता होकारार्थी द्यावे लागेल.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;कोणत्याही वायरशिवाय विद्युतऊर्जेचे वहन करता येईल, असे तंत्रज्ञान अमेरिकेतील संशोधकांनी शोधले आहे. लॅपटॉप संगणकावर आपण वाय-फाय इंटरनेट सुविधा जशी वापरू शकतो; तसेच मोबाईल, डिजिटल कॅमेरा, एमपीथ्री प्लेअर आदी उपकरणे आपण चालवू शकू अथवा त्याची बॅटरी चार्ज करू शकू. मॅसाच्युसेट्‌स इन्स्टिट्यूट ऑफ टेक्‍नॉलॉजीमधील सहायक प्राध्यापक मारिन सोलयाचिच याबाबत संशोधन करत आहेत. विद्युत चुंबकीय शक्ती व विद्युत लहरींच्या या तरंगलांबीचा वापर करून ऊर्जेचे वहन करता येणे शक्‍य असल्याचे त्यांचे म्हणणे आहे. रेडिओ अथवा इन्फ्रारेड किरणे आणि क्ष-किरणांचे वहन करताना विद्युत चुंबकीय क्षेत्राचा वापर करण्यात येतो; परंतु रेडिओ लहरी गोळा करण्यासाठी ज्या प्रकारच्या अँटिना वापरले जातात, तशा अँटिना विद्युतलहरी गोळा करण्यासाठी वापरता येत नाहीत. यासाठी तांब्याची (कॉपर) विशेष अँटिना तयार करण्यात आला आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;या उपकरणाचे व्यावसायिक उत्पादन सुरू केल्यानंतर लॅपलॉट खऱ्या अर्थाने "वायरलेस' होऊ शकेल. सध्या साधारण पाच मीटरपर्यंत अशा पद्धतीने ऊर्जेचे वहन करण्यात संशोधकांना यश आले आहे. ब्रिटनमधील एक कंपनी स्प्लॅशपॉवरने "वायरलेस रिचार्जिंग पॅड' तयार केले आहे. त्यावर मोबाईल, डिजिटल कॅमेरा यांसारखी उपकरणे नुसती ठेवली, तरी त्याचे "चार्जिंग' होऊ शकते.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ऊर्जेचे "वायरलेस' वहन&lt;br /&gt;१. ऊर्जेच्या मुख्य स्रोताकडून तांब्याच्या अँटिनापर्यंत वहन केले जाते.&lt;br /&gt;२. हा अँटिना ६.४ मेगाहर्टझ तरंगलांबीने कंपन पावतो व त्यातून विद्युतचुंबकीय लहरी बाहेर सोडल्या जातात.&lt;br /&gt;३. या विद्युतचुंबकीय लहरी दुसऱ्या अँटिनापर्यंत (अंतर पाच मीटर) जातात.&lt;br /&gt;४. लॅपटॉपचा अँटिना या लहरी ग्रहण करतो. तो अँटिनाही ६.४ मेगाहर्टझने कंपन पावतो. या ऊर्जेचा वापर उपकरण रिचार्ज करण्यासाठी होतो.&lt;br /&gt;५. लॅपटॉपकडे न जाणारी ऊर्जा परत मूळ स्रोत असलेल्या अँटिनाकडे पाठविली जाते. माणूस किंवा इतर वस्तू ६.४ मेगाहर्टझच्या तरंगलांबीनुसार कंप पावत नाहीत, त्यामुळे त्यांना कोणताही धोका पोचणार नाही.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4303541936297668739?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4303541936297668739/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4303541936297668739' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4303541936297668739'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4303541936297668739'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/08/blog-post_03.html' title='सबकुछ &quot;वायरलेस&apos;'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQSeyqqc_I/AAAAAAAAAtM/tf5StF0IClY/s72-c/wireless.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-6161647580877739836</id><published>2007-08-01T21:52:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:33:40.461+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>बाराला दहा कमी - पद्मजा फाटक, माधव नेरूरकर (दर्जा ****)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQaMzG3g6I/AAAAAAAAAuE/1qxrSQaK7eA/s1600-h/bdk.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQaMzG3g6I/AAAAAAAAAuE/1qxrSQaK7eA/s200/bdk.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306395068129051554" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;विसाव शतक हे हिंसाचार, युध्द आणि रक्तरंजित राज्यक्रांत्या यांच शतक. सगळी युध्द संपवणार एक अखेरच युध्द अशी भाबड्यांची कल्पना झाली होती दुसऱ्या महायुध्दाबद्दल. अणुबॉंबच्या हाहाकाराने १९४५ साली माणूस मुळापासून हादरला होता. परंतु थोडाच काळ. पुन्हा तो सावरला. आणि हायड्रोजन बॉंब, क्षेपणास्त्रे, जैवीक आणि रासायनिक अस्त्र यांची निर्मिती, राष्ट्रवादाने पछाडल्यामुळे, करू लागला. "नो मोर हिरोशिमाज" ही हाक त्यात विरून गेली. माणसाच्या या विकृत मारणध्यासाची शोधकहाणी म्हणजेच हे पुस्तक बाराला दहा कमी.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;साध्या टी. एन. टी आणि नायट्रोग्लिसरीन अशा स्फोटकांपासून अणूबॉंबपर्यंत माणसाचा स्वत:लाच नष्ट करणाऱ्या अस्त्रांचा शोध मानवाने कसा लावला याचे विहंगम आणि प्रदीर्घ विवेचन पद्मजा बाईंनी या पुस्तकात केले आहे. एकीकडे जागतिक शांततेचा उदघोष करीत आणि दुसरीकडे स्वत:च एकापेक्षा एक भयानक अस्त्र निर्मिती करण्याची दुटप्पी भूमिका जागतीक महासत्तांनी घेतलेली दिसते. म्हणजे मुहमे राम और बगल मे छुरी असे म्हणतात ना त्याप्रमाणे. आजकाल अमेरीकेबरोबर अणुकरार करायची भारताची लगबग सुरू आहे, त्या पार्श्वभूमीवर अण्वस्त्रांच्या इतिहासाबद्दलचे हे पुस्तक सर्वसामान्य वाचकांसाठी मार्गदर्शक ठरते.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;राजकीय नेत्यांपासून तथाकथित शांतताप्रिय शास्त्रज्ञांपर्यंत सर्वांनी या महाभयानक अस्रनिर्मितीत हिरीरीने भाग घेतला. आणि अस्त्रनिर्मिती झाल्यानंतर आपण त्या गावचे नाहीच अशी भूमिका घेऊन जागतिक शांतता प्रसाराचे काम हाती घेतले. अशा शास्त्रज्ञांच्या आणि गणमान्य नेत्यांच्या नैतिकतेवर लेखिकेने प्रश्नचिन्ह उभे केले आहे. मानव एवढा समजूतदार आणि शहाणा प्राणि असूनही स्वत:च्याच मुळावर का उठला आहे याचे आश्चर्य वाटते. सर्व जणांनी मिळून मिसळून गुण्यागोविंदाने, या अफाट विश्वात, परमेश्वराने दिलेल्या एकुलत्या एक पृथ्वीवर सुखासमाधानाने जगायचे सोडून, हे तुझे नि हे माझे अशी स्वार्थी भूमिका घेत एकमेकांचा विनाश करण्यास तो सज्ज झाला आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;माझ्या मते ही निसर्गाचीच एक चाल आहे. ज्या प्रमाणे प्राणी्मात्रांत जीवन-मृत्यूचे समतोल चक्र बांधून निसर्गाने पृथ्वीवर जीवनाचा समतोल राखला आहे, त्याप्रमाणे सर्व प्राणीमात्रांत अत्यंत तल्लख बुध्दीमत्ता असलेल्या आणि समतोल राखण्यास अवघड असलेल्या मानवाचे प्रजनन आणि पृथ्वीवरचे प्रमाण नियंत्रित करण्यासाठी त्याच्या मेंदूत स्वयंनष्टचर्याचे आणि आत्मघाताचे बीज पेरले आहे. या निसर्गदत्त अंतरप्रेरणेमुळे तो सदोदीत नवी नवी हत्यारे स्वत:च्या जातभाईंविरूध्द वापरण्यासाठी बनवत राहणार आणि एक दिवस स्वत:च्या हाताने मानवजातीचा विनाश पृथ्वीवरून घडवून आणणार. त्यानंतर निसर्ग नेहमीप्रमाणे पुन्हा नवीन सजीवसृष्टी घडवण्यात गुंग होणार. कोणीही कितीही उपदेश केला अथवा हे थोपवण्याचा प्रयत्न केला तरी कोणालाही हे निसर्गचक्र थांबवणे शक्य होणार नाही.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;एकंदरीत या पुस्तकात लेखिकेने अण्वस्त्रांचा इतिहास रंजकपणे मांडण्याचा प्रयत्न केला आहे. परंतू अनेक ठीकाणी लिखाण अनावश्यकपणे वाढले आहे त्यामुळे रटाळ वाटते. ज्या माणसाला अण्वस्त्रांची माहिती घेण्याची उत्सूकता नाही तो हे पुस्तक जास्त काळ हातात धरू शकणार नाही. ५९० पानांचे हे अगडबंब पुस्तक लेखिकेला आटोपशिरपणे २०० पानांत संपवता आले असते. त्याने पुस्तकाची कींमतही कमी झाली असती आणि कहाणीही वेगवान झाली असती. एवढ्या मोठ्या तांत्रीक पुस्तकात रेखा आणि छायाचित्रांचा पुर्णत: अभाव खटकतो. त्यांचा समावेश असता तर हे पुस्तक शतपटींनी अधिक उपयुक्त आणि रंजक झाले असते. थोडक्यात सांगायचे झाले तर विज्ञाननिष्ठ दृष्टीकोन असणाऱ्या, अणुबॉंबविषयी उत्सूकता असणाऱ्या, तांत्रीक माहीती वाचण्याची आवड असणाऱ्या वाचकाला हे पुस्तक एकदा तरी वाचायला हरकत नाही.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;लेखिकेने यापुस्तकाचे नाव एका खऱ्या घड्याळावर ठेवले आहे. अमेरीकेतील शिकागो विद्यापिठातील "बुलेटीन ऑफ एटोमीक सायंटीस्ट्स" हे नियतकालीक प्रसारीत करणाऱ्या अणुवैज्ञानिकांच्या गटाने एक सांकेतिक घड्याळ १९४७ पासून ठेवले आहे. या घड्याळाचे काटे बाराला काही मिनीटे शिल्लक असल्याची वेळ दाखवतात. यामध्ये बारा वाजता पृथ्वीचा विनाश होणार आहे असे गृहीत धरण्यात आले आहे, आणि ती वेळ येण्यास किती वेळ शिल्लक आहे हे ते घड्याळ दाखवते. पृथ्वीवर अण्वस्त्रयुगाच्या सुरूवातीपासून मानव विनाशाच्या दिशेने ढकलला गेला आहे, या विनाशाला आता किती वेळ शिल्लक आहे ते या सांकेतीक घड्याळाद्वारे हे वैज्ञानिक जगाला कळवतात. १९४७ साली हे घड्याळ सुरू केले गेले तेव्हा त्यात बाराला ७ मिनिटे कमी एवढी वेळ ठेवण्यात आली होती. या वेळेत आजतागायत १८ वेळा बदल करण्यात आले. सर्वात कमीवेळ १२ ला २ मिनिटे कमी १९५३ साली ठेवण्यात आली होती तर सर्वात जास्त वेळ १२ ला १७ मिनिटे कमी १९९१ साली ठेवण्यात आली होती. शेवटचा बदल २००७ साली १२ ला ५ मिनिटे कमी असा करण्यात आला आहे. हे घड्याळ सुरू करताना जगाला असलेला अण्वस्त्रांचा धोकाच विचारात घेण्यात आला होता. आता मात्र त्यांत सर्वप्रकारच्या मानवनिर्मित आण्विक, पर्यावरणीय आणि तांत्रिक बाबींचा समावेश करण्यात आला आहे. या घड्याविषयी अधिक माहीती http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doomsday_clock या संकेतस्थळावर मिळू शकते.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-6161647580877739836?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/6161647580877739836/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=6161647580877739836' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6161647580877739836'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6161647580877739836'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/08/blog-post.html' title='बाराला दहा कमी - पद्मजा फाटक, माधव नेरूरकर (दर्जा ****)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQaMzG3g6I/AAAAAAAAAuE/1qxrSQaK7eA/s72-c/bdk.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-2557001984997121191</id><published>2007-06-24T22:47:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T20:23:42.540+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>खुशाब येथील पाकीस्तानी अणुभट्टीचा सॅटेलाईट फोटो.</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQACc-3zpI/AAAAAAAAAtE/Bagq_WbsZEI/s1600-h/Khushab01.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 363px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQACc-3zpI/AAAAAAAAAtE/Bagq_WbsZEI/s400/Khushab01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306366303088922258" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;अधिक माहिती खालील वेबसाईट्वर मिळेल.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/pakistan/khushab.htm"&gt;http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/pakistan/khushab.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/pakistan/facility/khushab.htm"&gt;http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/pakistan/facility/khushab.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-2557001984997121191?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/2557001984997121191/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=2557001984997121191' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/2557001984997121191'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/2557001984997121191'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/06/blog-post_24.html' title='खुशाब येथील पाकीस्तानी अणुभट्टीचा सॅटेलाईट फोटो.'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQACc-3zpI/AAAAAAAAAtE/Bagq_WbsZEI/s72-c/Khushab01.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-6266113027337898280</id><published>2007-06-22T22:42:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:04:27.430+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>शक्तिशाली अणुबॉंबसाठी पाकमध्ये नवी अणुभट्टी</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQTa1hmzaI/AAAAAAAAAtU/gnE8cuUmr4E/s1600-h/Nuclear.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 160px; height: 115px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQTa1hmzaI/AAAAAAAAAtU/gnE8cuUmr4E/s400/Nuclear.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306387612714847650" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;आणखी शक्तिशाली अणुबॉंब तयार करण्यासाठी पाकिस्तान कुशाब येथे नवी अणुभट्टी बांधत असल्याचे "इन्स्टिट्यूट फॉर सायन्स अँड इंटरनॅशनल सिक्‍युरिटी' (आयएसआयएस) या संस्थेने नमूद केले आहे. या भट्टीत प्लुटोनियमचे उत्पादन होणार आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;उपग्रहाद्वारे मिळालेल्या छायाचित्रांवरून पाकिस्तान अशी अणुभट्टी बांधत असल्याचे दिसत असल्याचे संस्थेने म्हटले आहे. दहशतवादाविरुद्धच्या लढ्यात अमेरिकेबरोबरच्या संबंधात तणाव आलेला असताना पाकिस्तानने हा भट्टी बांधण्याचा उद्योग सुरू केला आहे. ""नवे, हलके आणि शक्तिशाली अणुबॉंब तयार करण्यासाठी या भट्टीचा उपयोग केला जाईल,'' असा अंदाज "आयएसआयएस'चे अध्यक्ष डेव्हिड अल्ब्राइट व संशोधक पॉल ब्रॅनेन यांनी व्यक्त केला आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ही संस्था वॉशिंग्टनमधील आहे. कुशाबला अणुभट्टी बांधली जात असतानाच तेथून पन्नास मैलांवरील चष्मा येथे प्लुटोनियम वेगळे करण्याची सुविधा निर्माण केली जात असल्यामुळे लवकरच उपखंडात भारत-पाकिस्तान अण्वस्त्रस्पर्धा सुरू होईल, असे मत या दोघांनी व्यक्त केले. हलक्‍या व आधुनिक अण्वस्त्रांच्या निर्मितीसाठी प्लुटोनियमचा वापर केला जात असल्याने या संस्थेच्या अहवालास महत्त्व प्राप्त झाले आहे. कुशाबच्या अणुभट्टीचे काम 2000 पासून सुरू आहे. तेथे तीन बांधकामे केली जाणार आहेत, असे या संस्थेने नमूद केले आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;पाकिस्तान उघडपणे नवे अणुबॉंब तयार करण्याच्या प्रयत्नांत असताना बुश सरकार स्वस्थ बसले असल्याची टीका मॅसेच्युसेट्‌सचे डेमोक्रॅट नेते रिप एडवर्ड मर्की यांनी केली आहे.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-6266113027337898280?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/6266113027337898280/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=6266113027337898280' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6266113027337898280'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6266113027337898280'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/blog-post_557.html' title='शक्तिशाली अणुबॉंबसाठी पाकमध्ये नवी अणुभट्टी'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQTa1hmzaI/AAAAAAAAAtU/gnE8cuUmr4E/s72-c/Nuclear.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-295010340355526822</id><published>2007-06-19T22:40:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:07:46.889+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>पृथ्वीशिवाय जीवसृष्टीची शक्‍यता कोठे?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQUOCOtjwI/AAAAAAAAAtc/8NXRcceJyaI/s1600-h/mars.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 164px; height: 165px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQUOCOtjwI/AAAAAAAAAtc/8NXRcceJyaI/s400/mars.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306388492298587906" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;पृथ्वीबाहेरील जीवसृष्टीसंबंधी संशोधकांनी अनेक शक्‍यता वर्तवल्या असल्या, तरी कोणताही ठोस पुरावा अजून त्यांच्या हाती आलेला नाही. मंगळावरील पाण्याच्या शोधामधून तेथील जीवसृष्टीची शक्‍यताही तपासून पाहिली जात आहे. टायटन आणि युरोपा या उपग्रहांचीही या संदर्भात पाहणी केली जात आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;भविष्यात पृथ्वीला धोका निर्माण झाल्यास पर्यायी निवासस्थान म्हणून मंगळासह सूर्यमालेतील अनुकूल ठिकाणे तपासली जात आहेत. अर्थात पृथ्वीप्रमाणे अनुकूल वातावरण कोठेच नसून, अत्यंत खर्चिक असे कृत्रिम निवासस्थान मात्र तयार केले जाऊ शकते. मंगळ हाच एक त्यातल्या त्यात अनुकूल ग्रह असल्यामुळे सर्व देशांनी त्यावर नजर रोखली आहे. मंगळाव्यतिरिक्त शनीचा उपग्रह टायटन आणि गुरूचा उपग्रह युरोपा यांवरही जीवसृष्टी असण्याची शक्‍यता वर्तवली जाते.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;मंगळावर अद्याप मनुष्य पोचू शकला नाही, त्यावर वस्ती करणे सध्यातरी अत्यंत कठीण गोष्ट आहे. तेथील वातावरण, गुरुत्वाकर्षण, हवेचा दाब या गोष्टी अत्यंत भिन्न असल्यामुळे पृथ्वीवर वाढलेला मनुष्य तेथे फार काळ टिकणे अशक्‍य आहे. तरीही विकसित देश तेथे कृत्रिम वातावरण आणि बाह्य वातावरणाला योग्य अशी घरे बांधायची स्वप्ने पाहू लागले आहेत.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;मंगळ, टायटन आणि युरोपाची वैशिष्ट्ये; यावरून तेथे मनुष्याने वस्ती करणे किती अवघड आहे याची कल्पना येईल.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;मंगळ&lt;/span&gt; - पृथ्वीशी साधर्म्य असणारा सूर्यमालेतील एकमेव ग्रह.&lt;br /&gt;भेट देणारे यान - स्पिरीट ऑपॉर्च्युनिटी, पाथ फाईंडर, मार्स ग्लोबल सर्व्हेयर&lt;br /&gt;त्रिज्या - ३४०२ किलोमीटर (पृथ्वी : ६४०० किलोमीटर)&lt;br /&gt;तापमान - उणे १४० अंश ते २० अंश सेल्सिअस&lt;br /&gt;वातावरणातील वायू - कार्बन- ९५ टक्के, नायट्रोजन- २.७ टक्के, ऑरगॉन- १.६ टक्के, ऑक्‍सिजन- ०.२ टक्के.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;टायटन&lt;/span&gt; - शनिचा उपग्रह, बुधापेक्षाही मोठा, ऍमिनो ऍसिडचे अस्तित्व, अत्यंत थंड तरीही जीवसृष्टीची शक्‍यता.&lt;br /&gt;भेट देणारे यान - कासिनी- हायगेन्स प्रोब&lt;br /&gt;त्रिज्या - २५७५ किलोमीटर (पृथ्वीच्या चंद्राच्या दीडपट)&lt;br /&gt;तापमान - उणे १७९ अंश सेल्सिअस&lt;br /&gt;वातावरणातील वायू - नायट्रोजन- ९८.४, मिथेन- १.६ टक्के.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;युरोपा&lt;/span&gt; - गुरूचा उपग्रह, बर्फाचा पृष्ठभाग, जमिनीखाली १०० किलोमीटरपर्यंत पाण्याचा समुद्र आणि त्यात जीवसृष्टीची शक्‍यता.&lt;br /&gt;प्रस्तावित यान - क्रायोबोट (खोल समुद्राचा वेध घेणार)&lt;br /&gt;त्रिज्या - १५६१ किलोमीटर&lt;br /&gt;तापमान - उणे २२३ अंश ते उणे १६९ अंश सेल्सिअस.&lt;br /&gt;वातावरणातील वायू - अत्यंत विरळ, ऑक्‍सिजन आणि हायड्रोजन रेण्वीय स्थितीत.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-295010340355526822?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/295010340355526822/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=295010340355526822' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/295010340355526822'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/295010340355526822'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/blog-post_14.html' title='पृथ्वीशिवाय जीवसृष्टीची शक्‍यता कोठे?'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQUOCOtjwI/AAAAAAAAAtc/8NXRcceJyaI/s72-c/mars.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-7475990752535781472</id><published>2007-06-19T22:10:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:11:06.016+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>जगाचा अंत २०६० मध्ये होणार; सर आयझॅक न्यूटन यांचे भाकीत</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQU_qanLNI/AAAAAAAAAtk/_RszdX4pWnU/s1600-h/Isaac.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 100px; height: 132px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQU_qanLNI/AAAAAAAAAtk/_RszdX4pWnU/s400/Isaac.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306389344899509458" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;जेरुसलेम, ता. १८ जून २००७&lt;/span&gt; - आधुनिक पदार्थविज्ञान आणि खगोलशास्त्राचे जनक असलेले थोर शास्त्रज्ञ सर आयझॅक न्यूटन यांनी सन २०६० मध्ये जगाचा अंत होणार असल्याचे भाकीत वर्तविले आहे. त्यांनी सन १७०४ मध्ये लिहिलेल्या एका पत्रात हे भाकीत लिहिले आहे. ...&lt;br /&gt;जेरुसलेममधील हिब्रू विद्यापीठात सध्या "न्यूटन्स सिक्रेट्‌स' नावाचे एक प्रदर्शन भरले आहे, त्यात या पत्राचा समावेश आहे. शास्त्रीय हस्तलिखितांचा संग्रह असणाऱ्या एका धनाढ्य व्यक्तीने न्यूटन यांची ही हस्तलिखिते हिब्रू विद्यापीठाला प्रदान केली आहेत. विद्यापीठाने १९६९ मध्ये ही पत्रे मिळाल्यानंतर प्रथमच ती जाहीर प्रदर्शनात मांडली आहेत.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;एरवी बुद्धिप्रामाण्यवादी असलेल्या या शास्त्रज्ञाने हे भाकीत बायबलमधील एका पुस्तकाच्या आधारे वर्तविले आहे. "बुक ऑफ डॅनिएल' या पुस्तकातील काही ओळींचा आधार घेऊन न्यूटन यांनी या पत्रात म्हटले आहे, की पश्‍चिम युरोपात सन ८०० मध्ये रोमन साम्राज्याची स्थापना झाली; त्यानंतर १२६० वर्षांनी जगाचा अंत होईल.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;न्यूटन यांनी सतराव्या शतकात केंब्रिज विद्यापीठात केलेल्या संशोधनाद्वारे, आधुनिक विज्ञानाचा पाया घातला गेला, असे मानले जाते. अर्थात न्यूटन यांनी त्या काळातील काही अंधश्रद्धांचेही पालन केल्याचे दिसून येते. त्यांनी १६७० च्या दरम्यान धातूंचे रूपांतर सोन्यात करणाऱ्या "अल्केमी'वर संशोधन करण्यात चार वर्षे घालविली होती.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;जगाचा अंत अमुक वेळी होणार, अमक्‍या काळात होणार, अशी भविष्यवाणी अनेकदा वर्तविली गेली आहे. मात्र, न्यूटन यांच्यासारख्या शास्त्रज्ञाचा संबंध या विषयाशी प्रथमच आलेला दिसत आहे. त्यामुळेच हिब्रू विद्यापीठातील त्यांचे पत्र हा अनेकांच्या उत्सुकतेचा आणि चर्चेचा विषय ठरला आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;हॉकिंग यांचाही इशारा&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;नैसर्गिक किंवा कृत्रिम संकटामुळे पृथ्वीचा विनाश होण्याचा धोका वाढत चालला आहे. त्यामुळेच या अफाट विश्‍वात मानवाने दुसरे एखादे वसतिस्थान शोधून काढले तरच त्याचे अस्तित्व टिकून राहील; अन्यथा पृथ्वीबरोबरच मानवजातही नष्ट होईल... प्रसिद्ध शास्त्रज्ञ स्टीफन हॉकिंग, १३ जून २००६, हॉंगकॉंग विद्यापीठात.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-7475990752535781472?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/7475990752535781472/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=7475990752535781472' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7475990752535781472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7475990752535781472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/06/blog-post.html' title='जगाचा अंत २०६० मध्ये होणार; सर आयझॅक न्यूटन यांचे भाकीत'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQU_qanLNI/AAAAAAAAAtk/_RszdX4pWnU/s72-c/Isaac.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-7402719969267449318</id><published>2006-10-26T13:53:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T21:00:34.597+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diary'/><title type='text'>The ICICI BANK Trouble</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa1eMEXLUI/AAAAAAAAAxU/MHPY5RuX2zg/s1600-h/icici.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa1eMEXLUI/AAAAAAAAAxU/MHPY5RuX2zg/s200/icici.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307128741142932802" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The ICICI BANK. One of the largest bank in India with a still largest network of ATM centers. When this bank first entered in common consumer market I was amazed by the quality of their service. The ATM service introduced by them was really a boon for consumers like us to get money anytime 24/7/365. This was new for us who are used to go to bank during working hours (taking a half day leave for the purpose), and then stand in long queues to submit withdrawal slips and to find that cashier have closed the counter for a lunch time, toilet break or just because he wants to take a nap. This all changed when ATM network is built up by banks which we never dreamed before though we new such thing exists in western countries, I thought it will not be possible in India this fast. ICICI proved it a reality by successfully operating it throughout the country.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ever since the ICICI consumer base is gradually increasing and they are finding it difficult to cope up with them as their infrastructure is expanding with it. I am a customer of ICICI housing finance living in pune. I use their Apte road office here for my regular dealing with the company. I availed the loan some three years ago. The floor space and staff of the bank office is same today as it was three years ago but the customer base have increased ten folds. Now how can you expect the same number of staff to deal with ten times the number of customers with the same enthusiasm and efficiency? The result is clear, the overcrowded and chaotic office with a lot of unsatisfied customers because their work is not being done in time or error in their dealings. I was also a victim of this horrendous experience.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I go to this branch only once in a year to get a provisional certificate for income tax purpose. Every year I visit the bank, I find myself in deep trouble due one or other reason. The most common problem was change in my property address. Every year when I visit the bank I find my property address either totally changed or scrambled (like my bldg no. is shown as flat no. and vice versa). I complained the local branch manager times but every time he denied any malfunction of their system and insisted that I must have submitted wrong data to bank. Now I don’t understand why I should give a wrong data to bank? Each year I am asked to fill a form called customer address change form to correct the address and I get due confirmation letter from bank by post that my address is corrected with old and new address mentioned in it. But when I visit the bank next year to find my address changed again and this is going on since last three years without break.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since branch manager and other people at Apte road branch were united together as team to save each others asses, I decided to approach some higher authority. But even after a relentless search on earth and on net I could not find any direct contact number or mail address of any ICICI top bosses. Only I could find was a customer support mail which is never answered (even the customer support people are also part of same system and they try to defend their colleagues from customer complaints instead of resolving the problem). I don’t know how such a customer unfriendly banking system is going to survive? Mr. K. V. Kamat should look at improving their banking system than being a mediator between ambanis. Otherwise this bank will not survive for the future. I think this is a common problem with all Indian enterprises and hence they are nowhere in global scenario. I always wondered how come American companies, Japanese companies are able become multinational any do their business worldwide and not a single Indian company is able to make its mark on global scale. Why McDonald is able to sell 50Rs. Burger in India and any Indian entrepreneur is not able to sell 5Rs. Wadpav in USA. I think I have found the answer.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-7402719969267449318?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/7402719969267449318/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=7402719969267449318' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7402719969267449318'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7402719969267449318'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/10/icici-bank-trouble.html' title='The ICICI BANK Trouble'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa1eMEXLUI/AAAAAAAAAxU/MHPY5RuX2zg/s72-c/icici.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4546290815143075005</id><published>2006-10-26T13:49:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-02T13:52:09.175+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diary'/><title type='text'>Anti-Brahmanism should stop!</title><content type='html'>The first article published by rediff on Brahmins as an underprivileged community, brought a flurry of reactions, mostly of surprise: "What, Brahmins as toilet cleaners, coolies, rickshaw pullers, priests earning less than Rs 150 a month… How is it possible, we always thought that Brahmins were a rich, fat, arrogant community?"&lt;br /&gt;Many Brahmins and other upper castes expressed online their relief that someone was speaking about their plight, that for once they were not attacked, made fun of, ridiculed. Of course there were also a few hostile e-mails, accusing the author of upper casteism, of anti-Dalits bias.&lt;br /&gt;One would have thought however, that at a time when reservation was the hottest journalistic topic, the media would have seized this story and made it its own. After all, isn't impartial journalism to show both sides of the story?&lt;br /&gt;Don't you think, for instance, that the discovery that all 50 Sulabh Shauchalayas (public toilets) in Delhi are cleaned and looked after by Brahmins — traditionally the task of the lowest of the lowest caste — and that this noble institution was started by a Brahmin, Dr Bindeshwar Pathak, makes a wonderful story, both for the print and electronic media?&lt;br /&gt;That is what I believed, at any rate. So when I discovered that the Art of Living Foundation was conducting workshops for all coolies, irrespective of their religion and caste of the Delhi railway station — and that quite a few of them were Brahmins — I thought I could share this story and the Sulabh Shauchalayas scoop, with a few journalistic acquaintances, who would jump on it with glee. Unfortunately I was very wrong.&lt;br /&gt;Initially, some young journalists were enthusiastic and joined us in our investigation. We expected the story to hit the headlines soon and be taken up by the entire press, hungry for something different than the strike of the medicos, or Arjun Singh's adamant attitude. But nothing happened.&lt;br /&gt;We called them day after day, proposed some more data, but still no story came out. Then one of the young journalists, working for one of the largest media outfits in India told us off the record that the sub-editor, backed by the editor, had killed the story in true journalistic freedom.&lt;br /&gt;The second scenario we encountered was stone silence: the star anchors, bureau chiefs, editors of national English newspapers whom I personally contacted, either did not return my calls or were evasive.&lt;br /&gt;Third scenario: Downright hostility: "You're a right winger, a pro-BJP-RSS journalist" etc. What does truth and investigative journalism have to do with the BJP (who by the way did no more than the Congress for the Kashmiri Brahmins, for instance, when it was in power)? I don't know.&lt;br /&gt;Some journalists, initially willing to do a story, backed out after some time under the pretext that the data was not solid enough. Not solid enough? Does flimsy and unchecked data ever stop the Indian media to publish slanderous stories in the recent past?&lt;br /&gt;Then, I came to the conclusion that more than fifty years later, the Nehruvian culture which directly brainwashed two generations of Indians in certain thinking patterns, has survived today. Actually, you have to go farther back than Nehru. For Jawaharlal was a true end product of Macaulay's policy of creating Indians who would be Indians by the colour of their skins, but British in their thinking. Thus, the English outlook on India survives today in India's intellectual class, particularly the journalists, who often cast a Westernised, anti-spiritual, pro-minority, anti-majority, un-Indian, anti-Brahmins and other upper castes — look on their own country.&lt;br /&gt;It is true that Nehru started from a positive volition: How to solve India's huge class and caste disparity? How to appease a Muslim minority which ruled India ruthlessly for ten centuries and was not ready to be ruled by those who were for a long time Islam's pliant subjects?&lt;br /&gt;But Nehru went overboard. He made the paupers of yesteryear the saints of modern India, allowing some states to literally hound out Brahmins and other upper castes. He twisted history and thanks to docile historians, made of cruel Muslim invaders and rulers, the benefactors of medieval India.&lt;br /&gt;He went to the extent of excusing the razing and sacking of thousands of exquisite temples all over India, by saying that Muslim invaders such as Babar did it because these temples were full of hidden gold and jewels, damning again indirectly the poor hapless Brahmins, who were beheaded by Muslim invaders, crucified in Goa by the Portuguese Inquisition, vilified by British missionaries, and morally crucified today by their own brothers and sisters.&lt;br /&gt;It is true that Brahmins may be paying today for the excesses of yesterday. In ancient times, as Sri Aurobindo wrote: 'A Brahmin was a Brahmin only if he cultivated the spiritual temperament and acquired the spiritual training which alone would qualify him for the task.'&lt;br /&gt;But once Brahmanism became hereditary, arrogance, complacency and casteism became rampant, ultimately bringing the downfall of Brahmins, a downfall which the Dalai Lama defines (for his own people) as Black Karma.&lt;br /&gt;Thus, thanks to the lingering influence of Nehruvianism, 'Brahmins' remain today a dirty word, even in the face of reality: that Dalits have considerably come up since 1947 in Indian society, that no nation in the world has done so much for its underprivileged (India had a Dalit President — did the US ever have a Black President?). But the intellectual elite of India, which never mentions these facts, continues to hide its face in the sand like an ostrich, refusing to see the reality.&lt;br /&gt;And rampant anti-Brahmanism and upper castes, first used by the Muslim invaders, then by the British colonialists and missionaries, is still in vogue at the hands of Nehruvians, Marxists, Indian Christians and politicians in search of the votes of Dalits and Muslims, which combined together make and unmake prime ministers.&lt;br /&gt;Yet, Brahmins and other upper castes have played an invaluable role in Indian history, as Dr Bindeshwar Pathak, the founder of the Sulabh Shauchalaya Movement remarks: 'Society sustained the Brahmins and other upper castes earlier, who upheld the Hindu scriptures and Hindu culture. Today Hinduism is on the decline day-by-day. There is a lack of ancient knowledge. No political party has objected to reservation thanks to vote-bank politics. People have a very short memory. They have forgotten the contribution made by Brahmins to our society.'&lt;br /&gt;And who says that Brahmins and other upper castes are anti-Dalits. Some of India's top avatars, saints and gurus were of low caste and are still worshipped today by all upper castes. Valmiki, the composer of the Ramayana, was a fisherman; Ved Vyasa, the epic poet of the Mahabharata, which also contains the Bhagavad Gita, the Bible of Future Humanity, was the son of a fisherwoman; Krishna was from the shepherd's caste. And are not today's Amritanandamayi or Satya Sai Baba of low caste birth? Don't they have millions of Indians, many of them from upper castes, bowing down to them?&lt;br /&gt;Anti-Brahmanism has to be stopped!&lt;br /&gt;This inter-caste war, triggered by the politicians' greed for votes, has to be defused.&lt;br /&gt;FACT, my Foundation, which conducts exhibitions on persecuted minorities, whether the Kashmiri Pandits, the Christians, Buddhist Chakmas and Hindus suffering in Bangladesh at the hands of fundamentalists in Bangladesh, or the Tibetans facing a cultural and spiritual genocide in Tibet, decided to take things in hand.&lt;br /&gt;We started, with the help of a few dedicated friends, a film on Brahmins and other upper castes as an underprivileged community. This film will lead to a photoexhibition and hopefully to a book. All testimonies and documents are welcome.&lt;br /&gt;The future of this country lies in a unified India, where all castes will find their just place, where all will feel Indians first and belonging to this caste or that one, after.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4546290815143075005?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4546290815143075005/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4546290815143075005' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4546290815143075005'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4546290815143075005'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/10/anti-brahmanism-should-stop.html' title='Anti-Brahmanism should stop!'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-2261781376303438469</id><published>2006-10-13T21:45:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:14:31.856+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>डासांसमोर सपशेल लोटांगण</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQVrjJowVI/AAAAAAAAAts/qieslT9RVqE/s1600-h/mosquito.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQVrjJowVI/AAAAAAAAAts/qieslT9RVqE/s200/mosquito.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306390098863505746" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;सध्या समस्त देशाला आखड्या (चिकुनगुण्या) आणि हाडमोड्या तापानं (डेंग्यू) म्लान करून टाकलं आहे. गाव-महानगर, गरीब-श्रीमंत, शिपाई-अधिकारी असल्या क्षुद्र भेदांना पार ओलांडणारे हे आजच्या युगातील वैश्‍विक रोग ठरत आहेत. कुठल्याही विचारांना अथवा शाह्यांना प्रस्थापित करता आली नाही ती समानता संधिपाद संघातील "ईडीस इजिप्ती' वंशाच्या डासांनी निर्माण केली आहे. ......&lt;br /&gt;जात, धर्म, वर्ग, भाषा, प्रदेश अशा क्षुल्लक सीमांचं उल्लंघन हे कीटक करीत निघाले आहेत. टान्झानिया, मलेशिया, कंबोडिया, व्हिएतनाम, फिलिपिन्स, श्रीलंका, पाकिस्तान अशी विश्‍वभ्रमंती करणारा डास सध्या भारतवर्षाला गारद करत सुटला आहे. एप्रिल महिन्यात मराठवाड्याला "ईडीस इजिप्ती'ने पोचवलेल्या विषाणूनं आखडून टाकलं होतं. घरंच काय गावंच्या गावं ठप्प पडली होती. "चिकुनगुण्या'ची जबरदस्त दहशत पसरली होती. संसर्गाच्या भीतीनं कुणी मदतीला येत नव्हतं. एका घरात दोन-तीन रुग्ण असले, की साधारणपणे पाच हजार रुपयांपर्यंत फटका बसायचा. शिवाय शेतीची कामं करायला बाहेरून मजूर आणावा लागायचा, तो खर्च वेगळा! त्याच वेळी "ईडीस इजिप्ती'ची आगेकूच चकित करणारी होती. त्याने एका महिन्यात कर्नाटक, आंध्र, तमिळनाडूपाठोपाठ मध्य प्रदेश काबीज केला. त्यांचा "चलो दिल्ली'चा नारा कोणीही मनावर घेतला नाही आणि दिल्ली गाठल्याखेरीज राष्ट्रीय बातमीमूल्य प्राप्त होत नाही, हे सत्य जाणून त्यानं सहा महिन्यांत देशाची राजधानी सर केली.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;सप्टेंबरअखेर चिकुनगुण्याच्या तडाख्यात देशातील १३ लाख रुग्ण सापडले होते. सध्या १८ राज्यांत डेंग्यूचा कहर चालू आहे. डासांमुळे पसरणाऱ्या साथीच्या रोगांनी राष्ट्रापुढे आपत्तिजनक परिस्थिती निर्माण केली आहे. सार्वजनिक आरोग्याचे धिंडवडे निघाले आहेत. आता आणीबाणीची परिस्थिती असल्यामुळे दे दणादण खर्च. धूर करणारी यंत्रं फिरवा, रसायनं फवारा, उघड्या पाण्यावर रसायनं ओता, यासाठी कोट्यवधी खर्ची पडतील; परंतु त्यातून स्वच्छता काही साधता येणार नाही. रोगाचं मूळ अबाधित राहील. ते घालवण्याची इच्छा तरी कुणाला आहे? तसं पाहता गावापासून महानगरापर्यंत सफाई यंत्रणा आहे. तार्किकदृष्ट्या स्वच्छतेचा प्रश्‍नच निर्माण होऊ नये; परंतु अस्वच्छतेची समस्या तर अक्राळविक्राळ रूप धारण करीत आहे. सर्व पातळ्यांवरचे राजकीय नेतृत्व, तसंच प्रशासन व समाज या सर्वांच्या सामुदायिक भव्य अपयशातून ही अवस्था साकारली आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;आपली स्वच्छता ही नेहमी निवडक आणि घरापुरती मर्यादित राहिली. घरातली घाण रस्त्याच्या कडेला फेकायची. घर साफ व गल्ली खराब, ही स्थिती सार्वत्रिक झाली. "आमची घाण तुम्ही उपसा' अशी सरकारला आज्ञा करायची, हा बाणा झाला. कुणीही कोणतेही नियम पाळायचे नाहीत. कायद्याचा धाक नाही. नियम पाळणाऱ्यांना बक्षीस नाही व मोडणाऱ्यांना शिक्षा नाही. मोकाट वागणाऱ्यांना राजकीय कवचकुंडलं मिळाली. "गाव स्वच्छ करा' असं सांगितलं तर कुणी जुमानत नाही. ग्रामपंचायत, नगर परिषदा धड कारभार करू शकत नाहीत. पिण्यासाठी स्वच्छ पाणी नाही. सार्वजनिक स्वच्छता नावाला नाही. अशा रीतीने सर्वांनी मिळून सार्वजनिक ठिकाणांना घाण करून टाकलं. ती घाण आपल्याकडे रोगराईची भेट देत आहे. (आपण बिनदिक्कतपणे नद्यांमध्ये सांडपाणी सोडत राहिलो, पुरामध्ये त्या नद्या घाणीसकट पाणी साभार परत पाठवत आहेत.) आपल्या असंस्कृत वर्तणुकीनं जोपासलेल्या विषवृक्षांना आलेली ही गलिच्छ फळं आहेत. शहरं व गावांमध्ये वाढत जाणारी घाण हे आपल्या बकाल सार्वजनिक आयुष्याचं व्यवच्छेदक लक्षण आहे. राजकीय जीवन उद्‌ध्वस्त झाल्याची खूण आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;२००१ मध्ये जोहान्सबर्ग येथील वसुंधरा परिषदेने २०१५ पर्यंत या शौचालयांपासून वंचितांची संख्या निम्म्यावर आणण्याचं उद्दिष्ट ठरविलं होतं. गेल्या पाच वर्षांचं प्रगतिपुस्तक पाहता श्रीलंकेने दक्षिण आशियाई राष्ट्रांमध्ये बाजी मारली आहे. तिथं ७६ टक्के (४० टक्‍क्‍यांवरून घेतलेली उडी) जनतेला शौचालयांची सुविधा मिळाली आहे. बांगलादेशाने ६० टक्के रहिवाशांना हगणदारीपासून मुक्त केलं आहे. भारतात केवळ ३८ टक्के नागरिकांना शौचालय उपलब्ध आहे. "लोकांची साथ सहज मिळू शकते. अडसर आहे तो राजकारण्यांचा!' सार्वजनिक स्वच्छतेचे जागतिक पातळीवरील सल्लागार डॉ. कमल कर सांगतात, ""राजकीय पुढाऱ्यांना अनुदान मिळवणं व लाटण्यातच अधिक रस असतो.'' ""गरिबांना शौचालय परवडत नाही. पाणी नाही तर शौचालय काय करायचं? या सबबी तेच पुढं करतात. राजकीय नेत्यांमुळे अस्वच्छता टिकून राहत आहे,'' असं सांगून ते भारतीय नेत्यांना आरोपीच्या पिंजऱ्यात उभं करतात.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;मोडकळले गाव; कोसळत्या यंत्रणा :&lt;br /&gt;गाडगेबाबा स्वच्छता अभियान असो वा निर्मळ गाव योजना, महाराष्ट्रात काही गावांत काही व्यक्तींच्या प्रभावामुळे गाव एकवटतं. शिक्षक, आरोग्यसेवक, सरकारी अधिकारी तर कुठं सेवाभावी व्यक्ती अशी किमया साधतात. भक्कम राजकीय पाठबळ लाभत असल्यामुळे अशा गावांच्या यशाचा विस्तार होताना दिसत नाही. (ही खंत पुरस्कारप्राप्त गावातील कर्तबगार व्यक्ती व अधिकाऱ्यांचीसुद्धा आहे.) महाराष्ट्रातील कुठल्याही नेत्यांनी सार्वजनिक स्वच्छता ऐरणीवर आणली नाही. सगळे पक्ष सत्तेत येऊन गेले तरीही उत्तम राजकारण रुजू शकलं नाही. राजकीय नेत्यांनी गेल्या साठ वर्षांत वैयक्तिक अथवा सार्वजनिक वर्तन सुधारण्याचा काडीमात्र प्रयत्न केला नाही. पतपेढ्या, बॅंका, साखर कारखाने ताब्यात असताना गाव घाणेरडं राहतं, याचा अर्थ ती बाब नेत्याच्या दृष्टीनं नगण्य आहे. सभांमधून गर्जना करणारे ते कैक वर्षांपासून सत्तेची पदं उपभोगणाऱ्या नेत्यांच्या गावात जाताना नाकावर रुमाल धरावा लागणं त्यांना शोभत नाही. एखाद्या मतदान केंद्रात कमी मतदान मिळाल्याचं लक्षात येताच पळापळ होते. रुसवेफुगवे काढायचे प्रयत्न होतात. प्रसंगी तंबी दिली जाते. तुमच्या घरात शौचालय नसल्यास तिकीट मिळणार नाही, असा संदेश पोचला तर तो टाळण्याची हिंमत होणार नाही. राजकीय पक्षाच्या प्रमुख नेत्यांनी सार्वजनिक स्वच्छतेला प्राथमिकता द्यायचा निर्णय घेतला तर राज्य साफ व्हायला आडकाठी उरणारच नाही. "गाव हगणदारीमुक्त झालं तरच मी तुमच्या गावात येईन' एवढा इशारा दिला तरी सफाई चालू होईल. "तुमची गल्ली शांत करा. मी उपोषण थांबवतो,' असं महात्मा गांधी भेटणाऱ्या प्रत्येकाला सांगायचे आणि पाहता पाहता गाव, शहर व देश शांत व्हायचा. असाही एक मार्ग आहे. साथीचे रोग व आपत्तीचं प्रमाण वाढत असतानाच आपत्तीचा भार सहन करणारी सार्वजनिक आरोग्य व्यवस्था कोलमडून प&lt;br /&gt;डली आहे. (प्राथमिक आरोग्य केंद्र व सार्वजनिक रुग्णालयांची सहल केल्याशिवाय हे समजणार नाही.) आरोग्य, पाणी, वीज, शिक्षण, वाहतूक या मूलभूत सोयी ही ग्रामीण भागातील जनतेची क्रूर चेष्टा आहे. या वातावरणात कोण टिकोजीराव शांत राहू शकेल? परिस्थितीमुळे येणारं नैराश्‍य व असुरक्षितता यामधून अनेक सामाजिक अपघात घडत आहेत व कित्येक घडण्याच्या वाटेवर आहेत. चिकुनगुण्याने बेजार व्हिएतनाममध्ये सगळा समाज स्वच्छतेसाठी पेटून उठला. वर्षभरात व्हिएतनाममधील डासांचं निर्मूलन करता आलं. ग्रामीण भागात येणारं बकालपण केवळ आर्थिक नसून ते सामाजिकदेखील आहे. शंभर घरांच्या छोट्या गावात मंदिराकरिता लाख रुपये सहज जमतात. गणेशोत्सव व नवरात्रीसाठी हजारोंचा खर्च होतो; परंतु पिण्याच्या पाण्याची सोय, शाळा, वाचनालयासाठी वर्गणी देण्यास व्यक्ती व बहुतांशी समाजाचा नकार असतो. उघड्यावर बाहेर बसणं मुली व महिलांकरिता शरमेचं आणि धोक्‍याचं असतं. तरीही शौचालय ही त्या घरची वा गावाची प्राथमिकता होत नाही. निष्क्रियता अशी ठायी ठायी भरली असेल तर गावात काम करणं सरकार असो वा स्वयंसेवी संस्था, कुणालाही शक्‍य होत नाही. संस्था काढता पाय घेतात. सरकारी अधिकारी दुर्लक्ष करतात. समाजाची ही घडण कुठल्याही सुधारणेच्या आड येते. आपण भीषण अस्वच्छ आहोत, हे जाणवून दिलं तर लोक स्वतःहून कामाला लागतात. हा संदेश पोचवण्याकरिता आकाशवाणी व दूरचित्रवाणी या प्रभावी प्रसारमाध्यमांचा कल्पक उपयोग करून घेऊ शकतो.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;येणाऱ्या निवडणुकीत सार्वजनिक सफाई, हा मुद्दा प्रत्येक राजकीय पक्षाच्या जाहीरनाम्यात असण्याचा आग्रह धरला पाहिजे. स्वच्छता न राखणाऱ्या अधिकाऱ्यांना व पुढाऱ्यांना माहितीच्या अधिकाराचा वापर करत जाब विचारला गेला तर वचक बसेल. "ईडीस इजिप्ती' हाच चिकुनगुण्या व डेंग्यू दोन्हींच्या विषाणूंचा वाहक आहे. कीटकांपासून होणाऱ्या रोगांना रोखण्यासाठी "नॅशनल व्हेक्‍टर बोर्न डिसिजेस' ही दिल्लीतील संस्था आहे. पुण्यामध्ये "राष्ट्रीय विषाणू संशोधन संस्था' आहे. कोट्यवधींचा निधी वापरणाऱ्या या राष्ट्रीय संस्थांमध्ये रक्ताचे नमुने तपासल्यानंतरचे निष्कर्ष काय आहेत? त्या वैज्ञानिकांचं निरीक्षण व संशोधनाची उपयोगितेची माहिती सामान्य जनतेला केव्हा समजणार? तिसरं महायुद्ध संभवल्यास त्यानंतर शेष काय राहील, याचा अदमास विज्ञान लेखक घ्यायचे. डास व झुरळ हे कीटक वगळता सर्व काही नामशेष होईल, असा होरा बहुतेकांनी व्यक्त केला होता. जगाच्या तापमानवाढीमुळे डासांच्या उत्पादनात वाढ होईल. हिवताप, डेंग्यूच्या साथी येतील. प्लेग पुन्हा उद्भवू शकेल, असा अंदाज जागतिक संघटनेनं व्यक्त केला आहे. डासांचं उच्चाटन ही सर्वांची प्राथमिकता झाली नाही म्हणून साथीचे रोग देशाला सहन करावे लागत आहेत, हा या आपत्तीचा धडा आहे. महासत्ता होण्याच्या वल्गना करताना डासांसमोर लोटांगण घालावं लागतं. देशाला झालेला आखड्या आणि हाडमोड्या रोग हा असा प्रतीकात्मक आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- अतुल देऊळगावकर&lt;br /&gt;(लेखक हे पर्यावरणविषयक पत्रकार आहेत.)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-2261781376303438469?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/2261781376303438469/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=2261781376303438469' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/2261781376303438469'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/2261781376303438469'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/10/blog-post.html' title='डासांसमोर सपशेल लोटांगण'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQVrjJowVI/AAAAAAAAAts/qieslT9RVqE/s72-c/mosquito.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-5808679914335818156</id><published>2006-10-07T22:43:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-12T22:46:08.455+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>First test-firing of new Indian nuclear-capable missile fails</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqcrVgYD4I/AAAAAAAAAJ4/lYRKG8f656c/s1600-h/agni.jpg"&gt;&lt;img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105565395899125634" style="FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; CURSOR: pointer" alt="" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqcrVgYD4I/AAAAAAAAAJ4/lYRKG8f656c/s320/agni.jpg" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The first test-firing of a new Indian missile capable of carrying nuclear warheads across much of Asia and the Middle East was unsuccessful, the defense minister said. Although initially reported as a success by officials, the Agni III missile plunged into the Bay of Bengal short of its target, Defense Minister Pranab Mukherjee told reporters late Sunday. The launch came as U.S. President George W. Bush is trying to push a civilian nuclear deal with India through a skeptical U.S. Congress. The deal would permit India to keep making nuclear weapons without ratifying the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, and critics say it could undermine the treaty.&lt;br /&gt;Although the deal does not cover missiles, The Hindu newspaper reported Monday that American's top general, Peter Pace, gave Indian officials the green light to conduct the test when he visited India last month. The test had been reportedly delayed for two years by technical issues and fears of international condemnation. Mukherjee, who witnessed Sunday's test, said India would press ahead with the Agni III program. He termed the test failure a snag, but offered no other details. However, Indian media reported that the missile's second stage failed to separate after it was launched from Wheeler Island off the eastern state of Orissa. India's current crop of missiles have been largely intended to confront neighboring archrival Pakistan. The Agni III, in contrast, is India's longest-range missile, designed to reach 3,000 kilometers (1,900 miles) _ putting China's major cities well into range, as well as targets deep in the Middle East.&lt;br /&gt;It's also said to be capable of carrying up to a 300 kiloton nuclear warhead."This is going to help in establishing the credibility of India's deterrent profile," said Indian defense analyst C. Uday Bhaskar. He dismissed speculation the missile was designed with China in mind. "Any strategic capability is not aimed at any particular nation. To say it is China-specific is misleading," Bhaskar said. India and China have shared decades of mutual suspicion and fought a 1962 border war. But relations have warmed considerably in recent years as the two Asian giants have boosted trade and economic ties. India's missile program, together with its nuclear program and drive for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council, is part of its ongoing efforts to establish itself as a world power.&lt;br /&gt;While past Indian missile test-firings were seen as attempts at saber-rattling with Pakistan, which would in turn test its own missiles, the Agni III test was seen as a routine step in furthering India's missile program, which aims at eventually producing a long-range ICBM. India's homegrown missile arsenal already includes the short-range Prithvi ballistic missile, the medium-range Akash, the anti-tank Nag and the supersonic Brahmos missile, developed jointly with Russia.India notified Pakistan ahead of the launch, in accordance with an agreement between the two nations, said Pakistani Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Tasnim Aslam. India and Pakistan have fought three wars since they gained independence from Britain in 1947.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-5808679914335818156?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/5808679914335818156/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=5808679914335818156' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/5808679914335818156'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/5808679914335818156'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/10/first-test-firing-of-new-indian-nuclear_07.html' title='First test-firing of new Indian nuclear-capable missile fails'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqcrVgYD4I/AAAAAAAAAJ4/lYRKG8f656c/s72-c/agni.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-8131095652636711786</id><published>2006-09-26T22:30:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:36:49.578+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>पानिपत - विश्वास पाटील (दर्जा *****)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQa9btSZSI/AAAAAAAAAuM/l6njSoCiqxM/s1600-h/panipat.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQa9btSZSI/AAAAAAAAAuM/l6njSoCiqxM/s200/panipat.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306395903661335842" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;विश्वासरावांचे गाजलेले पुस्तक पानिपत जेव्हा हातात आले, तेव्हा त्याबद्दल बरीच उत्सुकता लागून राहिली होती. लहानपणापासून मी पानिपतच्या तीन लढायांबाबत ऐकत आलो. शाळेत असताना इतिहासाच्या पुस्तकातल्या सनावळ्या पाठ करताना मला बराच कंटाळा यायचा. वाटायचे की या घटनांच्या सनावळ्या पाठ करुन काय साधणार आहे. प्रत्यक्ष व्यवहारात त्याचा काही उपयोग आहे का?, असा सवाल मी करायचो. परंतु करणार काय, म्हणतात ना, आलीया भोगासी असावे सादर. कीतीही कंटाळवाणा असला, तरी मी काय थोडाच अभ्यासक्रम बदलू शकणार होतो.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;मला आता नक्की आठवत नाही पण आठवी ते दहावी इयत्तेत असताना कधीतरी मराठीच्या पुस्तकात “भाऊसाहेबांची बखर” या कादंबरीवर आधारीत, “आपेश मरणाहून ओखोटे” हा अगदी पहिलाच धडा होता. त्याची भाषा प्राचीन मराठी भाषेवर आधारीत होती, त्यामुळे समजायला अतिशय कठीण होती. पहिलाच धडा असा कठीण पाहून मी हादरलोच. त्या धड्यातील एकही शब्द मला समजत नव्हता. पण त्यानंतर आमच्या शाळेतील मराठी विषयाच्या शिक्षिकेने तो धडा जेव्हा अतिशय सोप्या भाषेत समजावून दिला, तेव्हा कुठे हायसे वाटले. त्यानंतर भितीची जागा उत्सुकतेने घेतली. पानिपतच्या लढाईबद्दल प्रथमच इत्यंभूत माहिती मिळाली. त्या धड्यातील काही वाक्ये आम्हा विद्यार्थ्यांत अतिशय लोकप्रिय झाली होती. दत्ताजी शिंद्यांच अजरामर झालेले वाक्य “बचेंगे तो और भी लढेंगे”, “सिर सलामत तो पगडी पचास”, “भडभुंज्याने लाह्या भाजाव्यात तसे लोक भाजून निघाले” इत्यादी.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;१९८५-८७ दरम्यानच्या या अनुभवानंतर २००६ साली विश्वास पाटील यांनी याच विषयावर लिहीलेले “पानिपत” हे पुस्तक वाचण्याचा योग आला, आणि गतस्मृतींना उजाळा मिळाला. आतापर्यंत मी वाचलेल्या सर्व पुस्तकांत हे पुस्तक सर्वोत्कृष्ट होते असे मी म्हणेन. विश्वासरावांची भाषाशैली आणि लेखनकौशल्य अतुलनिय आहे याची हे पुस्तक वाचताना प्रचिती येते. संपुर्ण पुस्तक वाचताना कुठेही कंटाळा येत नाही. युध्दासारखा हिंस्त्र आणि बिभत्स प्रसंगही त्यांनी कौशल्याने हाताळला आहे आणि वाचकाला त्याची फारशी कीळस वाटणार नाही याची त्यांनी काळजी घेतली आहे. तरीही माझ्या अनेक मित्रांनी ज्यांनी पानिपत वाचले आहे, त्यांनी हे पुस्तक वाचताना अंगावर काटा येतो असा अभिप्राय दिला. संपुर्ण पुस्तकात युध्द आणि युध्दच असल्यामुळे हिंसाचाराचे वर्णन असणे साहजिकच आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;पुस्तक वाचताना काही ठीकाणी वर्णन अवास्तवरीत्या वाढल्याचे आढळते. विशेशकरून भाऊसाहेब आणि अब्दाली यांना पडणाऱ्या स्वप्नांचे वर्णन अवास्तव आणि आणि विनाकारण घुसविल्यासारखे वाटते. इतिहास कथारुपात सादर केल्यामुळे त्यात मनोरंजकता आणण्यासाठी लेखकाने असे केले असण्याची शक्यता आहे. केवळ इतिहास वर्णन या उद्देशाने हे पुस्तक लिहीण्याचे ठरविले असते तर ५०० पानांचे हे पुस्तक २५० पानांतच आटोपले असते.&lt;br /&gt;पानिपतच्या युध्दात मराठ्यांचा दारुण पराभव झाला हे जगजाहिर आहे. हे पुस्तक वाचताना या पराभवाची कारणे जी माझ्या लक्षात आली ती खालील प्रमाणे आहेत.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;१. मराठी लष्करातील यात्रेकरुंचा आणि बुणग्यांचा भरणा लष्कराला भोवला. १००००० हुन अधिक लोकांत फक्त ४०००० लढाऊ सैनिक होते. इतर बिनलढाऊ लोकांच्या बोझ्यामुळे लष्कराची उपासमार झाली आणि वेगवान लष्करी हालचाली करता आल्या नाही.&lt;br /&gt;२. लढाईत स्त्रियांना, आप्तांना सोबत घेऊन जाण्याची परंपरा घातक होती. लढाईत राजा, सरदार मेला तरी त्यांचा वंश पुढे चालवण्यासाठी पुढे तरतुद करण्याचे शहाणपण त्यानी दाखविले नाही.&lt;br /&gt;३. लष्करात शिस्त आणि नियंत्रणाचा अभाव होता. एकदा भाऊंनी गोलाची लढाई खेळण्याचे ठरविल्यावर, त्यांचे न ऎकता गोल तोडणारे विठ्ठल विंचूरकर आणि दमाजी गायकवाड हे सर्वात मोठे युध्द अपराधी होते.&lt;br /&gt;४. लढाई संपायच्या आतच मैदान सोडून पळणारे मल्हारराव होळकर हे दुसऱ्या क्रमांकाचे युध्द अपराधी होत. अशा युध्दातुन पळून आलेल्या लढाऊ लोकांना मराठी शासनाने जबर शिक्षा करणे आवश्यक होते. त्याने इतरांवर जरब बसली असती. पळपुटेपणा हे पानिपतच्या लढाईतल्या पराभवाचे मोठे कारण आहे.&lt;br /&gt;५. संपुर्ण लढाईत यमुना नदी ओलांडता न येणे, अब्दालीचा नायनाट न करता कुंजपुऱ्यावर हल्ला करणे, आजुबाजुच्या राजेरजवाड्यांकडुन सहकार्य मिळण्यात अपयश, लष्करात शिस्त राखण्यात अपयश, आधीच्या लढायांत मुलूख जिंकल्यानंतर त्याचा योग्य नागरी आणि लष्करी बंदोबस्त न करणे यांसाठी भाऊसाहेब आणि संबंध पेशवाई जबाबदार आहे.&lt;br /&gt;६. लढाईत मराठी लष्कराचे हाल होत असताना त्यांना त्वरीत कुमक करण्याचे सोडून, लग्नकार्यात गुंतलेले नानासाहेब पेशवेही या प्रचंड नरसंहारास कारणीभूत आहेत.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;इतिहास बदलता येत नाही, पण त्यातून बरेच काही शिकता येते. या युध्दकथेतुन मराठ्यांचा गर्विष्ठपणा, शिस्तीचा अभाव आणि दुरदृष्टीचा अभाव प्रामुख्याने दिसुन येतो. त्यामुळे या कथेचा अंत पराभवात न झाल्यासच नवल वाटेल. आजही परिस्थिती फारशी बदललेली नाही. आज अब्दालीची जागा पाकिस्तान, चीनने घेतली आहे. अशा वेळी नाहक गर्विष्ठपणा सोडून हुशारीने, दुरदृष्टीने शिस्तबध्द हालचाली करुन शत्रुचा पराभव केला पाहिजे. अन्यथा आणखी एका पानिपताची पुनरावृत्ती होणे अटळ आहे. तसे न होवो आणि ईश्वर सर्वांना सद्बुध्दी देवो.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-8131095652636711786?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/8131095652636711786/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=8131095652636711786' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8131095652636711786'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8131095652636711786'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/09/blog-post.html' title='पानिपत - विश्वास पाटील (दर्जा *****)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQa9btSZSI/AAAAAAAAAuM/l6njSoCiqxM/s72-c/panipat.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-1946561226168176764</id><published>2006-09-17T21:30:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:18:38.671+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='माझी शिदोरी'/><title type='text'>असेही धक्के!</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQWqrUGnAI/AAAAAAAAAt0/NjgNgmbjA_E/s1600-h/arctic.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQWqrUGnAI/AAAAAAAAAt0/NjgNgmbjA_E/s200/arctic.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306391183386647554" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;या शतकामध्ये जगातील सर्वच समुदांची सरासरी पातळी लक्षणीय प्रमाणात आणि अत्यंत नाट्यपूर्ण रीतीनं वाढेल, आणि त्याचा परिणाम म्हणून हिमनद्यांच्या पट्ट्यांत 'भूकंप' होतील, असं भाकित एका नवीन अभ्यासाच्या आधारानं करण्यात आलं आहे. याबाबतचा अभ्यासअहवाल 'सायन्स' या विख्यात नियतकालिकामध्ये अलीकडंच प्रसिद्ध करण्यात आला आहे. या अहवालानुसार 2100 सालापर्यंत पृथ्वीचं तापमान चांगलंच वाढलं असेल. त्यामुळे ग्रीनलँडमधील बर्फ वितळू लागेलच; पण उत्तर ध्रुवावरील बर्फही झपाट्यानं कमी होऊ लागेल.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;यापैकी एक अहवाल अरिझोना युनिव्हसिर्टीच्या अभ्यासकांनी तयार केला आहे. त्यासाठी त्यांनी आतापर्यंत हवामानविषयक करण्यात आलेल्या अभ्यासांचाही आधार घेतला आहे. ते अभ्यास आणि ताजी निरीक्षणे यांच्या आधारे हे अभ्यासक असं म्हणतात की या शतकाच्या अखेरीस समुदाची सरासरी पातळी काही मीटर्सनी वाढेल. परिणामी अनेक भूभाग पाण्याखाली जातील. त्याचं कारण अर्थातच पृथ्वीवरील वाढतं तापमान हेच असेल. या वाढत्या तापमानाचा आणखी एक परिणाम दुसऱ्या एका अभ्यासामध्ये नमूद करण्यात आला आहे. त्यानुसार अमेरिकेतील मॅनहॅटन भागाच्या आकाराच्या हिमनद्या आपल्या स्थानावरून अचानकपणं सरकतील. त्यालाच हे अभ्यासक 'हिमनद्यांचा भूकंप' असं म्हणतात. या सरकण्यामुळे बसणारा धक्का 'हालचालीची तीव्रता' या परिणामात सांगायचा तर तो 5.1 तीव्रतेचा असेल. 'हालचालींच्या तीव्रतेचा धक्का' हा भूकंपाची तीव्रता मोजण्यासाठी वापरण्यात येणाऱ्या 'रिश्टर परिणामा'सारखाच असल्याचंही हे अभ्यासक सांगतात. अशा प्रकारचे धक्के गीनलँडमध्ये अधूनमधून बसतच असतात; परंतु सन 2002पासून त्यांच्या संख्येमध्ये वाढ झाली आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;या धक्क्यांची उकल करताना हे अभ्यासक सांगतात की हिमनद्या आणि त्यावरी बर्फ वितळू लागला की त्यापासून निघणारं पाणी हळूहळू हिमनदीच्या तळाला जाऊ लागतं. अशा पाण्याचा पुरेसा साठा हिमनदीच्या तळाला जमा झाला की तो हिमनदीच्या मोठाल्या हिमखंडांच्या हालचालींसाठी चांगला आधार ठरतो. त्याचाच आधार घेऊन प्रचंड आकाराचे हिमखंड आपल्या स्थानावरून हालतात आणि समुदात जातात. यातील महत्त्वाचा भाग असा की ग्रीनलँडमधील या हिमामध्ये ताज्या गोड्या पाण्याचा मोठा साठा आहे. तोच समुदार्पण होणार असल्यानं त्याचे गंभीर परिणाम सर्वांनाच भोगावे लागतील. एकतर समुदाची पातळी वाढेल आणि दुसरे म्हणजे पृथ्वीवरील गोड्या पाण्याचे साठे कमी होतील. आणि त्याचा फटका मोठा असेल. या अभ्यासकांनी आणखीनही एक महत्त्वाचं निरीक्षण नोंदवलं आहे. भूगर्भातील हालचालींमुळे होणाऱ्या भूकंपांसाठी ग्रीनलँड हा भाग काही प्रसिद्ध नाही. परंतु 1993 ते 2005 या काळामध्ये असे 182 धक्के या भागात बसल्याचे सिस्मोमीटर्सवरून दिसते. यातील 136 धक्के 4.6 ते 5.1 रिश्टर तीव्रतेचे होते. त्याचा परिणाम या भागातील बर्फ कमी होण्यात झाला आहे, असंही या अभ्यासकांनी म्हटलं आहे. थोडक्यात, हवामानातील बदलाचे गंभीर दृश्यपरिणाम आता जाणवू लागले आहेत. त्यामुळेच त्याबाबतचा अभ्यासही अधिक प्रमाणात करण्यात येत आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;या अभ्यासाचा एक भाग म्हणून नासानं अलीकडंच दोन उपग्रह अवकाशात सोडले आहेत. 'क्लाऊडसॅट' आणि 'कॅलिप्सो' अशी नावं असलेले हे उपग्रह पृथ्वीपासून 705 कि.मी. अंतरावरून पृथ्वीभोवती फिरतील. या उपग्रहांचं काम ढगांची निमिर्ती नेमकी कशी होते आणि हवेतील सूक्ष्म कण कसे तयार होतात, याचा शोध घेण्याचं असेल. आता या दोन्हींच्या निमिर्तीचा वेध कशासाठी घ्यावयाचा, असा प्रश्ान् पडू शकेल. परंतु वातावरण तापणं किंवा ते थंड होणं यास विविध प्रकारचे ढगच जबाबदार असतात. त्यामुळेच त्यांचा अभ्यास आता महत्त्वाचा ठरत आहे. आपल्याला ढग दिसतात ते आडवे पसरलेले. परंतु त्यांच्या उंचीचा आपल्याला काहीच पत्ता नसतो. या उपग्रहांमुळं ढगांच्या उंचीचा अंदाज येईलच; पण त्या उंच आकाराची नेमकी रचना कशी आहे, तेसुद्धा समजू शकेल. या ढगांचे वरपासून तळापर्यंतचे निरीक्षण संशोधकांनी करता येऊ शकेल; कारण हे उपग्रह त्यांची तशाच प्रकारची छायाचित्रं घेतील. या ढगांचा आणि सूक्ष्मकणांचा वातावरण तप्त होण्यातील वाटा किती आहे, तेसुद्धा समजू शकेल. महत्त्वाचं म्हणजे पाऊस पाडणाऱ्या ढगांचं प्रमाण किती आहे, तेसुद्धा कळू शकेल. पृथ्वीभोवतालच्या ढगांमध्ये किती पाणी आणि बर्फ आहे, त्याचा वेधही क्लाऊडसॅट हा उपग्रह घेणार आहे. तर कॅलिप्सोमुळं हवेतील सूक्ष्मकणांचं प्रमाण समजू शकेलच; पण डोळ्यांना दिसणारे अतिशय पातळ अशा ढगांचाही वेध हा उपग्रह घेणार आहे. या ढगांमध्ये ऋतुमानाप्रमाणं बदल होतो का आणि होत असल्यास काय होतो, त्याचा शोध हा उपग्रह घेईल.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;थोडक्यात काय, तर आता हवामानाचा सर्वांगीण वेध आणि अभ्यास करणं सुरू झालं आहे. परंतु त्यामधून हाती येणाऱ्या माहितीचा उपयोग करून घेऊन आपण आवश्यक ते धोरणात्मक बदल केले नाहीत, उष्णताशोषक वायूंचं प्रमाण आटोक्यात ठेवलं नाही, तिवरांसह इतर वनस्पतींच्या तोडीस आळा घातला नाही, प्रदूषणावर नियंत्रण ठेवलं नाही, तर हे सारे अभ्यास अर्थशून्य ठरतील. याचं कारण असे बदल जागतिक पातळीवर होत नाहीत, तोपर्यंत बदलणाऱ्या हवामानाचा आणि त्याच्या दुष्परिणामांचा मुकाबला करणं अवघडच आहे.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-1946561226168176764?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/1946561226168176764/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=1946561226168176764' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1946561226168176764'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1946561226168176764'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/09/blog-post_17.html' title='असेही धक्के!'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQWqrUGnAI/AAAAAAAAAt0/NjgNgmbjA_E/s72-c/arctic.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-6506394677164892992</id><published>2006-09-02T13:34:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T21:03:57.078+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diary'/><title type='text'>Malegaon Blasts put spotlight on Muslim Ghetto Towns of India</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa2Pz7ZvkI/AAAAAAAAAxc/28t5PEQ8LXk/s1600-h/malegaon.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa2Pz7ZvkI/AAAAAAAAAxc/28t5PEQ8LXk/s200/malegaon.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307129593656360514" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The day after the deadly blasts in Malegaon which killed more than 30 people all Muslims and injured over a 100 the spotlight has been turned on the Muslim Ghetto that Malegaon had become over the years. The BBC's Zubair Ahmed visited what he called the Taleban town to obtain some very astounding remarks from angry Muslims which go to reflect the deep radicalization of this non-descrpit town in interior Maharashtra. Some of the comments captured by Zubair Ahmed&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"What goes around comes around," said a local police officer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"If a needle is pierced in any part of your body the whole body hurts, doesn't it? The Muslims all over the world are like a human body."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"It's an obligation by Islam to support Muslims and we do our Islamic duty."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The above remarks were made by Muslim residents of Malegaon when queried about why the Taleban government of Afghanistan had enjoyed immense support in Malegaon. The background to this ghettoization of Malegaon can be traced back to the declining political fortunes of one Nihal Ahmed , a controversial Janata Dal MLA who's won six times from Malegaon who was was blamed for inciting the worst riots in Malegaon in 2001 by mobilizing pro-Afghanistan and pro Bin Laden mobs. The economic decay of Malegaon over the years meant more recruits for radical Islamic politics of Nihal Ahmed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malegaon epitomizes how treating Muslims as vote banks and conducting politics on pan-Islamic issues can foment terrorism. Offstumped had earlier pointed out that condoning Muslim Fundamentalist violence over Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan Cartoon Issues and Pan Islamic Political Mobilization over these issues contributes to the creation of an environment where it is ok to encourage, shelter and patronise those whose loyalties to a Global Islamic cause are stronger than their respect to the Laws of their Motherland. This creates Institutional Safe Havens where Islamic Terrorism can germinate and flourish with no fear of consequences because there are many layers of Secular Cover that they can operate under. Nothing exemplifies this better than the incidents of May 10 2006, when in a huge haul, 30 kgs of RDX was found in Ellora, near Aurangabad. A few days later, a smaller quantity was recovered in Malegaon from a local doctor's residence. Several people were also arrested in this connection.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Malegaon is a classic test case confirming Offstumped's hypothesis that Islamic Vote Bank politics portends ominously for India. While Malegaon is in the news on account of the dastardly bomb blasts that claimed many Muslim lives, from Coimbatore to North Kerala to Telangana to Maharashtra to Bihar, ghetoissation of muslim majority towns is radicalizing muslim youth who have fallen behind on economic opportunities. While the fifth economic census released earlier this year showed that rural India saw free enterprise flourish it is clear that this growth has not created sufficient workforce mobility to de-ghettoise muslim majority towns of rural India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Manmohan Singh, Sonia Gandhi lead UPA Government while swearing by secularism and fostering Minority interests is doing a great disservice to the religious Minorities of India and Muslims in particular. While to its allies like the CPI-M, RJD and Samajwadi Party protecting Minority or Muslim interests starts with exploiting Muslim sentiments on Pan-Ismalic issues and ends with Haj Subsidy and Wakf Board politics, the Manmohan Singh Congress attempted a few policy initiatives which while novel were both misguided and counterproductive. The first being the national commission to study the economic and social conditions of Muslims which while being a meaningful academic exercise acquired perverse overtones when it went on a Muslim headcount fishing expedition in public services and armed forces. The second initiative around reserving development funds out of Central Government initiatives specifically for religious minorities also acquired a perverse political overtone with its focus on prevention and control of communal riots.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unless the government's policy focus is firmly on de-ghettoization and workforce mobility any initiatives targetting religious Minorities will be mere lip service and will lead to further institutionalization of vote bank politics which we have seen fuels radicalization and shelters terrorism. When one looks at an Azim Premji heading WIPRO, an Abdul Kalam heading India, an Azharudding heading the Indian Cricket Team, an Aamir Khan or Shahrukh Khan captivating minds and hearts, one sees a succesful Indian professional not a Muslim. One has to only travel to Hyderabad to see how scores of Muslim I.T. professionals have done well for themselves in a Microsoft or a Infosys rendering religious identity irrelavant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By bringing in religion into development the so called secular parties have violated the basic tenets of the Indian Constitution - Secularism by giving institutional credibility to myths that the Majority religion has grabbed a lion's share of development funds and that the Minority religions have suffered in the areas of development on account of their smaller population share. By constantly pandering to local politicians like Nihal Ahmed of Malegaon who attempt to protect so called Minority interests these secular parties have only deepend the insecurity of the Minority religion as the victim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Offstumped Bottomline:&lt;/span&gt; This brand of secularism that preserves religious identities and exploits them to political advantage has lead to vote bank politics and radicalized ghettoes. India needs to reject this brand of secularism and focus firmly on policies and politics that will de-ghettoize the Muslim Community and foster social mobility in the pursuit of economic opportunities. That is the only way forward for Malegaon and its sister towns across India.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-6506394677164892992?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/6506394677164892992/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=6506394677164892992' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6506394677164892992'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6506394677164892992'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/09/malegaon-blasts-put-spotlight-on-muslim.html' title='Malegaon Blasts put spotlight on Muslim Ghetto Towns of India'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa2Pz7ZvkI/AAAAAAAAAxc/28t5PEQ8LXk/s72-c/malegaon.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-8720045413335226321</id><published>2006-08-22T22:39:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:38:45.585+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>Deception Point by Dan Brown (दर्जा : ****)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQbVQAX_iI/AAAAAAAAAuU/cgAXiqItVqs/s1600-h/dp.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQbVQAX_iI/AAAAAAAAAuU/cgAXiqItVqs/s200/dp.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306396312837029410" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;“When a NASA satellite discovers an astonishingly rare object buried deep in the Arctic ice, the floundering space agency proclaims a much-needed victory. A victory with profound implications for NASA policy and the impending presidential election. To verify the authenticity of the find, the white house calls upon the skills of intelligence analyst Rachel Sexton. Accompanied by a team of experts, including the charismatic scholar Michael Tolland. Rachel travels to the Arctic and uncovers the unthinkable : evidence of scientific trickery. A bold deception that threatens to plunge the world into controversy. But before she can warn the President, Rachel and Michael are ambushed by a deadly team of assassins. Fleeing for their lives across a desolate and lethal landscape, their only hope for survival is to discover who is behind this masterful plot. The truth, they will learn, is the most shocking deception of all.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;मी सहसा इंग्रजी पुस्तके वाचत नाही. मराठी माध्यमातून शिक्षण झालेले असल्याने इंग्रजी भाषेत मी फारसा पारंगत नाही. इंग्रजी भाषेतील पुस्तके समजत असली तरी त्यांचा रसास्वाद घेता येत नाही. परंतू अनेक वर्ष इंग्रजी भाषेचा संपर्क आल्याने आता हळूहळू त्या भाषेचा आस्वाद मला घेता येतोय. याचे श्रेय मला टाईम्स ऑफ इंडीया या इंग्रजी दैनिकाला द्यावीशी वाटते. या इंग्रजी वर्तमानपत्राच्या सातत्यपुर्ण वाचनाने आपला इंग्रजीचा शब्दसंग्रह समृद्ध होतो. याशिवाय इंग्रजी भाषेतून घेतलेले संगणकाचे ज्ञान आणि तदनंतर इंटरनेटची मुशाफीरी यांनीही माझी इंग्रजी सुधारण्यात चांगलाच हातभार लावला.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;पुस्तक वाचनास सुरुवात केल्यानंतर मी प्रथमच प्रसिध्द लेखक डॅन ब्राऊन यांची डिसेप्शन पॉइंट ही कादंबरी वाचण्यास घेतली. हे पुस्तक वाचायला घेण्यापुर्वी त्यामध्ये काय आहे, अथवा डॅन ब्राऊन यांची लेखनशैली कशी आहे, याबद्दल मला यत्कींचीतही कल्पना नव्हती. परंतू हे पुस्तक हातात घेताच अगदी पहिल्या पानापासूनच मी त्याच्या प्रेमात पडलो. विषय माझ्या आवडीचा अर्थात विज्ञानकथा अधिक अमेरिकन राजनीती असा होता. त्याचबरोबर डॅन ब्राऊन यांच्या सहजसुंदर आणि उत्कंठावर्धक भाषाशैलीने मला खिळवून ठेवले आणि हे पुस्तक पुर्णपणे वाचण्यास भाग पाडले.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;या पुस्तकाची कथा वर इंग्रजीत दिल्याप्रमाणे अस्तीत्वासाठी झगडणारी अमेरीकन अंतराळसंस्था नासा आणि राष्ट्रपतीपद मिळवण्यासाठी चाललेली उमेदवारांची जीवघेणी चढाओढ यांची आहे. महत्वाच्या मोहिमांत सातत्याने अपयश आल्याने हतबल झालेली अमेरीकन अवकाशसंस्था नासा कुठल्यातरी जोरदार यशाच्या शोधात असते. या हतबलतेतून मार्ग काढण्याठी एक उच्चपदस्थ अधिकारी एका नव्या शोधाचा बनाव रचतो. तो बनाव उघड होऊ नये म्हणून त्याला अमेरीकेच्याच सैनिकी कमांडोंचा उपयोग अमेरीकी नागरीकांचेच हत्यासत्र सुरु करावे लागते.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;हा बनाव उघडकीस आल्यास विद्यमान अमेरीकेचे अध्यक्ष, जे नासाचे कट्टर समर्थक असतात, त्यांची पुनर्निवडणूक धोक्यात येऊ शकते. आणि त्यांचे विरोधक जे नासाला अमेरीकेचे निरर्थक उधळपट्टी करणारे बाळ समजतात, ते निवडून येऊ शकतात. हे टाळण्यासाठी कुठल्याही थराला जायची त्या अधिकाऱ्याची तयारी असते. या जीवघेण्या संघर्षात नायक मायकेल टॉलंड आणि नायीका राचेल सेक्सटन हे दोघेही सापडतात. व कथेच्या अंती तेच या रहस्याचा उलगडा करतात. एकंदरीत यापुस्तकाची कथा एखाद्या देमार इंग्रजी चित्रपटाला साजेशी आहे. भविष्यात या कादंबरीवर आधारीत चित्रपट आल्यास आश्चर्य वाटू नये.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;पुस्तकाची कथा छान आहे. शेवट पर्यंत खलनायक कोण हे वाचकापासून लपऊन ठेवण्यात लेखक यशस्वी ठरला आहे. लेखकाची लेखन शैली उत्कृष्ट आहे. त्यानी या पुस्तकाचे लिखाण अत्यंत सोप्या इंग्रजी भाषेत केले आहे, त्यामुळे इंग्रजी कच्चे असलेल्या वाचकांनाही ते पचवण्यास अवघड नाही. संपुर्ण पुस्तकात लेखकाने क्लिष्ट वैज्ञानिक माहीती दीली आहे, ती सर्वसाधारण वाचकाला जड जाण्याची शक्यता आहे. परंतु त्याकडे दुर्लक्ष केल्यासही चालू शकेल. वाचकाला अमेरीकन समाज, त्यांची विचारसरणी, त्यांचा इतिहास, त्यांची वैज्ञानिक आणि लष्करी प्रगती, त्यांच्याकडे अध्यक्षांना देंण्यात येणारे अनन्यसाधारण महत्त्व याची माहिती असल्याच हे पुस्तक अधिक समजेल व त्याचा पुर्ण रसास्वाद घेता येईल.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-8720045413335226321?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/8720045413335226321/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=8720045413335226321' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8720045413335226321'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8720045413335226321'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/08/deception-point-by-dan-brown.html' title='Deception Point by Dan Brown (दर्जा : ****)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQbVQAX_iI/AAAAAAAAAuU/cgAXiqItVqs/s72-c/dp.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-7065536788748928035</id><published>2006-08-22T21:27:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:40:02.635+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>मी वाय. सी. - यादवराव पवार (दर्जा *****)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQbvXDNVXI/AAAAAAAAAuc/8t_EgO_dmNY/s1600-h/yc.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQbvXDNVXI/AAAAAAAAAuc/8t_EgO_dmNY/s200/yc.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306396761404560754" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;“मुंबईच्या गुन्हेगारी विश्वातील बेताज बादशहा वरदाभाई उर्फ वरदराजन मुदलियार याचे साम्राज्य उध्वस्त करणा़ऱ्या वाय. सी. पवार नावाच्या पोलीस खात्यातील झंझावाताची ही आत्मकथा. संकल्प पक्का असेल आणि ध्येय निश्चित असेल तर साध्या कुटुंबात जन्म घेतलेला एक पोलीस अधिकारी गुंडगिरी, भ्रष्टाचार आणि दंगली यांच्यावरही अंकुश ठेवू शकतो. चांगुलपणाचे, कर्तव्यनिष्ठेचे आणि कठोरतेचे जिवंत प्रतिक असलेल्या या सच्चा पोलीस अधिकऱ्याचे वादळी आत्मचरित्र एकूणच खचलेल्या समाजजीवनाच्या अंध:कारात आशेचा किरण ठरेल.”&lt;br /&gt;माझा जन्म मुंबईत झाला. १९७२ पासून ते १९९६ पर्यंतचा काळ मी मुंबईत काढला. मुंबईत असताना या महानगराचे फायदे जसे झाले तसेच त्याच्या समस्यांचीही जाण झाली. भारतभरहून येणाऱया नशिब आजमावणाऱ्यांचे लोंढे आणि त्यांना आश्रय देणाऱ्या येथील झोपडपट्ट्या. ह्या झोपडपट्ट्या म्हणजे गुन्हेगारांचे आगार झाले होते. पोलीसही त्यांना हप्त्यासाठी साथ द्यायचे. अशावेळी वाय. सी. पवार या कर्तबगार पोलीस अधिकाऱ्याचे आगमन झाले. त्यांनी आपल्या कारकीर्दीत मुंबईतल्या गुन्हेगारीचा पुरता बिमोड केला. तो मी स्वत: अनुभवला होता. त्यामुळे त्यांच्याबद्दलच्या उत्सुकतेपोटी हे पुस्तक मी वाचायला घेतले.&lt;br /&gt;लेखन अतिशय सुरेख झालेले असून धावते आहे. त्यामुळे कुठेही रटाळपणा आलेला नाही. वाय. सींचे आयुष्य प्रसंगांनी भरलेले असल्यामुळे ३६८ पानांचे पुस्तक लिहूनही बऱ्याच गोष्टी त्यांनी थोडक्यात आवरत्या घेतल्या आहे. बऱ्याच ठीकाणी व्याकरणाच्या चुका असून एखाद्या भाषातज्ञाकडून प्रूफ तपासावयास हवे होते. एकंदरीत पुस्तक अतिशय सुंदर असून वाचक ते वाचताना भारवून जातो. सध्याच्या परीस्थितीत जेव्हा इमानदार पोलीस सापडणे दुर्मिळ झाले आहे, वाय. सी. पवारांच्या कारकीर्दिकडून बरेच काही शिकण्यासारखे आहे.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-7065536788748928035?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/7065536788748928035/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=7065536788748928035' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7065536788748928035'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7065536788748928035'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/08/blog-post_22.html' title='मी वाय. सी. - यादवराव पवार (दर्जा *****)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQbvXDNVXI/AAAAAAAAAuc/8t_EgO_dmNY/s72-c/yc.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-7886789642745485399</id><published>2006-08-22T21:17:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:41:43.276+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>मराठीतील निवडक विज्ञानकथा संपादन : निरंजन घाटे दर्जा (****)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQcEiOt4PI/AAAAAAAAAuk/9RImVYSSKno/s1600-h/vidnyan.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQcEiOt4PI/AAAAAAAAAuk/9RImVYSSKno/s200/vidnyan.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306397125182873842" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;“विज्ञानकथा हा प्रकार मराठीमध्ये तसा नवा नाही. इ.स.१९०० पासून मराठीत विज्ञानकथा लिहिली जात आहे. तेव्हापासूनच्या गेल्या शंभर वर्षातील प्रातिनिधिक विज्ञानकथा एकत्र आणण्याचा हा प्रयत्न आहे. या निमित्ताने एकत्र केलेल्या ह्या विज्ञानकथा वाचताना विज्ञानकथेचे स्वरुप कसे बदलत गेले तेही आपल्या लक्षात येते.&lt;br /&gt;मराठी विज्ञानकथेच्या गेल्या शंभर वर्षाच्या वाटचालीत अनेक मोठमोठ्या लेखकांचा हातभार लागला आहे. मराठी विज्ञानकथेच्या अभ्यासाच्या दृष्टीने ह्या संग्रहातील कथा जशा उपयोगी आहेत त्याच बरोबर एकविसाव्या शतकात जाताना मराठी विज्ञानकथेचे साहाय्यही वाचकाला होईल यात शंकाच नाही.”&lt;br /&gt;विज्ञानकथा हा पुर्वीपासून माझा आवडीचा विषय आहे. विज्ञानाधिष्ठीत दृष्टीकोन असल्याकारणानेही त्यातली तांत्रीक क्लीष्टता मला त्रास देत नाही. या कथा वाचण्यापूर्वी विज्ञानातील काही पायभूत नियम आणि माणसाची वैज्ञानिक प्रगती आणि भविष्यकाळातील अपेक्षा वाचकाला माहित असणे अत्यंत आवश्यक आहे. अन्यथा या कथा पुर्णपणे काल्पनिक असुन अतिशयोक्तीपुर्ण आहेत असा समज होण्याची शक्यता आहे. विज्ञान कथा म्हणजे सध्याच्या प्रचलीत विज्ञानाच्या पायावर उभारलेली परंतु भविष्याच्या संभाव्य वैज्ञानिक प्रगतिचा कळस असलेली काल्पनिक कथा असते. ती काल्पनिक असते पण कपोलकल्पित मात्र नसते.&lt;br /&gt;ज्यांना जुन्या काळातील एच. जी. वेल्स, जुल्स व्हर्न या लेखकांनी लिहिलेल्या विज्ञान कथांचा परिचय आहे, त्यांना हे निश्चितच पटेल की विज्ञानकथा म्हणजे अतिशय कल्पक आणि कुषाग्र बुध्दीच्या लेखकाने भविष्याचा घेतलेला वेध असतो. या लेखकांनी एकोणिसाव्या शतकात, ज्यावेळी माणूस उडू शकतो असे म्हणणाऱ्या माणसांना वेडे समजले जायचे, विमानांची आणि अवकाश यानांची कल्पना केली होती आणि त्यावर विज्ञानकथा लिहिल्या होत्या. गंमत म्हणजे त्यानी केलेला कल्पनाविलास आज बऱ्याच अंशी खरा ठरलेला आहे. विज्ञानकथा माणसातील वैज्ञानिक जागा करतात आणि त्याला भविष्याचा वेध घ्यायला लावतात, म्हणून त्यांचे महत्त्व अनन्यसाधारण आहे. आपल्या मुलाचा बौधिक आणि वैज्ञानिक विकास घडविण्यासाठी प्रत्येक पालकाने त्याला विज्ञानकथा, कादंबऱ्या पुरविणे आवश्यक आहे.&lt;br /&gt;या पुस्तकात श्री निरंजन घाटे यांनी विसाव्या शतकातील मराठी विज्ञानकथा आणि विज्ञानकथाकारांवर दीर्घ संशोधन करुन वेगवेगळ्या कालखंडातील वेगवेगळे विषय आजमावणाऱ्या १८ अतिशय सुंदर विज्ञानकथांचा संग्रह पेश केला आहे. त्यांचा या विषयावरील अभ्यास दांडगा आहे. स्वतः एक विज्ञानकथाकार असल्याने या विषयाची त्यांना चांगली समजही आहे. यापुस्तकासाठी त्यानी २० पानी लांबलचक प्रस्तावना लिहीली आहे, ती काही मला आवडली नाही. प्रस्तावना कधीही एक-दोन पानांपेक्षा जास्त लांब नसावी असे माझे मत आहे. या प्रस्तावनेत त्यानी विज्ञानकथा म्हणजे काय, ती कशी असावी आणि बऱ्याच लोकांनी विज्ञानकथेच्या नावाखाली हिन दर्जाच्या साहित्याचा कसा बाजार मांडला आहे याचे प्रदिर्घ विवेचन केले आहे. माझ्यामते याविषयावर वाद घालण्यासाठी एखाद्या पुस्तकाची प्रस्तावना ही योग्य जागा नव्हती.&lt;br /&gt;या पुस्तकातल्या सर्व १८ कथा अप्रतिम आहेत यांत काही शंका नाही, परंतु अनु. क्र. १ आणि २ च्या जुन्या काळातील “चंद्रलोकातील सफर” आणि “बायकांना उजव्या डोळ्याने दिसत नाही” या कथा काहिशा सुमार दर्जाच्या आणि रटाळ आहेत. कथा जुन्या काळातील असल्याने आणि बहूतेक, संपादकांच्या म्हणण्याप्रमाणे त्या विदेशी साहीत्यांचे स्वैर अनुवाद असल्या कारणाने, लेखकांना निटशा हाताळता आल्या नाहीत. दुर्दैवाने पुस्तकाच्या आरंभिच दोन कथा रटाळ असल्याने निरस होतो. परंतु बाकीच्या सर्व कथा मात्र उत्तम दर्जाच्या आहेत. संपुर्ण संग्रहात “गिनिपिग” “कनेक्शन” आणि “कालदमन” या कथा मला सर्वात जास्त आवडल्या. प्रत्येक विज्ञानप्रेमीने अवश्य वाचावे असे हे पुस्तक आहे.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-7886789642745485399?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/7886789642745485399/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=7886789642745485399' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7886789642745485399'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7886789642745485399'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/08/blog-post.html' title='मराठीतील निवडक विज्ञानकथा संपादन : निरंजन घाटे दर्जा (****)'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQcEiOt4PI/AAAAAAAAAuk/9RImVYSSKno/s72-c/vidnyan.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4798030422988353054</id><published>2006-08-21T21:33:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:43:14.547+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>जगाची मुशाफिरी - निरंजन घाटे दर्जा ****</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQcdAzacqI/AAAAAAAAAus/4tnBozkIG5k/s1600-h/jm.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQcdAzacqI/AAAAAAAAAus/4tnBozkIG5k/s200/jm.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306397545706713762" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;आज मी जगाची मुशाफिरी हे निरंजन घाटे यांनी लिहीलेले पुस्तक वाचून संपवीले. निरंजन घाटे हे एक उत्कृष्ट विज्ञानकथा लेखक असून काही वेळा इतर किरकोळ लेखनही करतात. त्यांची लेखनशैली सुबोध असून ओघवती आहे, त्यामुळेच ते माझे आवडते लेखक आहेत. हे पुस्तक प्रवासवर्णन असल्याप्रमाणे वाटते परंतू लेखकाने कुठेही प्रत्यक्ष प्रवास केल्याचे म्हटलेले नाही. त्यात जागाच्या कानाकोपऱ्यातल्या वैशिष्ट्यपूर्ण स्थळांचे यापुस्तकात वर्णन असल्यामुळे त्यासर्व जागी प्रवास करणे लेखकाला अशक्य असल्याचे वाटते.&lt;br /&gt;पुस्तकात एकूण ८८ पृष्ठे होती. ५ सप्टेंबर २००५ ला हे पुस्तक मी वाचावयास सुरुवात केली आणि १८ सप्टेंबर २००५ ला संपविले. नुकतेच सभासदत्व पत्करलेल्या सदाशिव पेठेतल्या मराठी साहित्य परीषदेच्या ग्रंथालयातून हे पुस्तक मी मिळवले होते. हे पुस्तक आणि आणखिन एक पुस्तक अनिल काळे यांनी अनुवादीत केलेले ट्रीनिटिज चाईल्ड मी साहित्य परीषदेतून सभासद झाल्यानंतर प्रथमच घेतले. वेळ न पुरल्यामुळे ट्रीनिटिज चाईल्ड हे पुस्तक पुर्ण वाचू शकलो नाही.&lt;br /&gt;पुस्तकाचे लेखक निरंजन घाटे हे एक भूगोलतज्ञ असून पुण्यातच रहातात. विज्ञानविषयक दृष्टीकोन आणि ज्ञान यांचा सर्वसाधारण समाजामध्ये प्रसार करणे हा घाटे यांचा प्रमुख उद्देश आहे. त्यामुळे त्यांचे लिखाण सोपे आणि तांत्रिक क्लिष्टता टाळणारे असते. त्यामुळे माझ्यासारख्या विज्ञानप्रवीण माणसाला त्यांचे लिखाण अपुरे वाटण्याची शक्यता आहे. परंतू घाटे यांचा वाचकवर्ग सर्वसामान्य माणूस आहे हे लक्षात घेतल्यास ते योग्यच असल्याचे जाणवते.&lt;br /&gt;या पुस्तकात लेखकाने जगातल्या विविध देशातल्या वैशिष्ट्यपूर्ण ठीकाणांची आणि तिथल्या लोकांची मनोरंजक माहीती दिलेली आहे. हे पुस्तक म्हणजे एक लेख संग्रह असून तो कुठल्या वर्तमान पत्रात प्रसिध्द झाला होता का याचा लेखकाने कुठेही उल्लेख केलेला नाही. पुस्तकात दिलेली माहिती संक्षीप्त आणि मनोरंजक आहे. पुस्तकात अनेक व्याकरणाच्या चुका असून प्रकाशकाने त्याकडे लक्ष पुरविलेले दिसत नाही.&lt;br /&gt;पुस्तकात एकूण १९ लेख असून लेख क्रमांक ७ जो युरोप मधल्या प्रसिध्द कलाकृतींच्या चोऱ्यांच्या संदर्भात होता मला विशेष करुन आवडला. लेख क्रमांक १० मध्ये लेखकाने मध्य भारतात सापडलेल्या डायनोसॉरच्या अंड्याविषयी लिहीले आहे. त्यात स्थानिक भारतियांनी कसे या अंड्यांना शिवलिंग समजून त्याभोवती मंदीर बांधून त्याची पुजा चालू केलेली आहे याचे वर्णन आढळते. हा लेखही मला आवडला. लेखकाने हे सर्व लेख लिहिण्यासाठी अनेक संदर्भग्रंथांचा वापर केला असल्याचे दिसते. परंतू लेखकाने कुठेही त्यांचा उल्लेख केलेला नाही. ही एक मोठी चूक असून माझ्या सारख्या संशोधक वृत्तीच्या माणसाला अधिक माहीती साठी संदर्भ सुचीचा मोठा उपयोग झाला असता. परंतू आजच्या युगात इंटरनेटवर कुठल्याही गोष्टीचा शोध घेणे सहज शक्य असल्याने जाणकार माणसाला तशी काही अडचण भासण्याची शक्यता नाही.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4798030422988353054?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4798030422988353054/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4798030422988353054' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4798030422988353054'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4798030422988353054'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/blog-post.html' title='जगाची मुशाफिरी - निरंजन घाटे दर्जा ****'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQcdAzacqI/AAAAAAAAAus/4tnBozkIG5k/s72-c/jm.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-6869126590973677029</id><published>2006-08-21T21:20:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:44:59.036+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>मी आतापर्यंत वाचलेली पुस्तक</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQc0X3BhtI/AAAAAAAAAu0/Ikdn5C4yh8U/s1600-h/burst.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQc0X3BhtI/AAAAAAAAAu0/Ikdn5C4yh8U/s200/burst.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306397947032864466" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;मी आजतागायत वाचलेल्या काही पुस्तकांची यादी मी खाली देत आहे. ही यादी परीपुर्ण नसून मला आठवेल त्या प्रमाणे मी ही यादी बनविलेली आहे. यादीची रचना खालील प्रमाणे आहे.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;पुस्तकाचे नाव - लेखक - प्रकार - दर्जा १. चंद्रावरचा खून - द. पा. खांबेटे - विज्ञानकथा - *****&lt;br /&gt;२. हेरॉईनचे सौदागर - विजय देवधर - रहस्यकथा - ****&lt;br /&gt;३. दुसरे महायुध्द - वि. स. वाळींबे - इतिहास - *****&lt;br /&gt;४. वॉर्सॉ ते हिरोशिमा - वि. स. वाळींबे - इतिहास - *****&lt;br /&gt;५. पॅपिलॉन - रविंद्र गुर्जर - अनुवादीत रहस्यकथा - *****&lt;br /&gt;६. बॅंको (पॅपिलॉन भाग २) - रविंद्र गुर्जर - अनुवादीत रहस्यकथा - *****&lt;br /&gt;७. मुसोलीनी - मदन पाटील - चरित्र - ***&lt;br /&gt;८. काश्मिर एक ज्वालामुखी - सेतू माधवराव पगडी - राजकीय - ****&lt;br /&gt;९. अँग्री हील्स - रवींद्र गुर्जर, चंद्रशेखर बेहेरे (मुळ लेखक - लिऑन उरीस) - अनुवादीत रहस्यकथा - ***&lt;br /&gt;१०. माओचे लश्करी आव्हान - दि. वी. गोखले - राजकीय - ****&lt;br /&gt;११. दि किलर्स - मदन पाटील - अनुवादीत रहस्यकथा - ***&lt;br /&gt;१२. वॉलॉंग एका युध्दकैद्याची डायरी - कर्नल श्याम चव्हाण - युध्द इतिहास - ****&lt;br /&gt;१३. सुर्यकोटी समप्रभ - माधव साखरदांडे - विज्ञान - ****&lt;br /&gt;१४. कृष्णमेघ - उल्हास देवधर - विज्ञानकथा - ****&lt;br /&gt;१५. युध्दकथा - राजा लिमये - युध्द इतिहास - ***&lt;br /&gt;१६. अब्राहम लिंकन - न. ल. वैद्य - चरित्र - **&lt;br /&gt;१७. मुंबईच्या नवलकथा - गंगाधर गाडगीळ - इतिहास - ****&lt;br /&gt;१८. मुलूखगिरी - द्वारकानाथ संझगिरी - प्रवासवर्णन - *****&lt;br /&gt;१९. देव? छे! परग्रहावरील अंतराळवीर - बाळ भागवत - विज्ञान - *****&lt;br /&gt;२०. डोमेल ते कारगिल - मे. ज. शशिकांत पित्रे - युध्द इतिहास - ***&lt;br /&gt;२१. Cosmos - Carl Sagan - Science - *** मराठी भाषेतल्या पुस्तकांचाच रसास्वाद ब-यापैकी घेता येत असल्याने प्रामुख्याने माझे वाचन मराठी पुस्तकांचेच आहे. तरीही आता मी काही प्रमाणात इंग्रजी पुस्तकांचे वाचनही सुरु केले आहे. इंटरनेटच्या स्वरुपात ज्ञानाचा एक मोठा विश्वकोषच खुला झाल्याने वाचनाला आता काही मर्यादा राहीलेली नाही. इंटरनेटवर सर्व प्रमुख इंग्रजी पुस्तकांची ई-बुक आवृत्ती उपलब्ध असल्याने ते विकत घेण्याचीही गरज भासत नाही. इंटरनेटवर गुटेनबर्ग डॉट ऑर्ग नावाची एक वेबसाईट आहे. त्यावर जवळपास २०००० हून अधिक अशा पुस्तकांची डिजीटल आवृत्ती मोफत उपलब्ध आहे ज्याचे प्रकाशन १९०० साल अगोदर झाले होते आणि ज्याचे कॉपीराईट्स संपुष्टात आलेले आहेत, कींवा जे साहीत्य लेखकांनी किंवा संस्थांनी सर्व लोकांसाठी मोफत प्रकाशित केलेले आहे. मला वाटते की असा उपक्रम मराठी पुस्तकांच्या बाबतीही राबवला जावा. आपले साहित्य कालौघात नष्ट होण्यापेक्षा इंटरनेटच्या जाळ्यात अनंतकाळ पर्यंत जगावे असे कोणाला वाटणार नाही?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-6869126590973677029?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/6869126590973677029/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=6869126590973677029' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6869126590973677029'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6869126590973677029'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/08/blog-post_21.html' title='मी आतापर्यंत वाचलेली पुस्तक'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQc0X3BhtI/AAAAAAAAAu0/Ikdn5C4yh8U/s72-c/burst.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4651760816747700132</id><published>2006-08-21T21:15:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-24T21:46:25.095+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='वाचनालय'/><title type='text'>पहिले पान</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQdOdtPcxI/AAAAAAAAAu8/uYQVzhw2vjk/s1600-h/butter.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQdOdtPcxI/AAAAAAAAAu8/uYQVzhw2vjk/s200/butter.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306398395279045394" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;मला अगदी लहानपणापासून पुस्तके वाचण्याचा छंद होता. माझी वाचनाची सुरुवात प्रथम वर्तमानपत्रांपासुन झाली. वडील रोज वर्तमानपत्र आणित, ते शक्या तेवढे वाचण्याचा मी प्रयत्न करीत असे. मी वर्तमान पत्रातला अग्रलेख वाचावा असा मला वडील आग्रह करीत. अग्रलेख नेहेमी माहितीपुर्ण असतात असे त्यांचे मत होते. त्याच काळात मला वर्तमानपत्रातील कात्रणे जमा करण्याचाही छंद जडला. वर्तमानपत्रात प्रकाशित होणारे विविध देशांचे नकाशे आणि केबीके या इन्फोग्राफीक संस्थेने प्रकाशित केलेले वेवेगळ्या विषयांवरचे आलेख संग्रहीत करणे हा माझा प्रमुख छंद होता. ती कात्रणवही अजुनही माझ्याकडे आहे.&lt;br /&gt;इयत्ता पाचवी मध्ये प्रवेश घेतल्यानंतर आम्हाला इंग्रजी हा विषय सुरु झाला. मला इंग्रजी शिकणे सोपे जावे या उद्देशाने माझ्या मोठ्या भावाने, उमेशने मला अनेक कॉमिक पुस्तके आणुन दिली. या कॉमिक्सनी माझ्या कोवळ्यामनावर चांगले संस्कार घडविण्याचे, इंग्रजी भाषेवर प्रभुत्व मिळविण्याचे आणि सर्वात महत्वाचे म्हणजे मला वाचनाची आवड लावण्याचे अमुल्य कार्य केले. त्यासाठी मी माझा मोठा भाऊ ऊमेश याचा सदैव ॠणी राहील.&lt;br /&gt;लहानपणी शाळेत असताना आणि नंतर कॉलेजमध्ये गेल्यावरही मी कुठल्याही ग्रंथालयाचो सभासद नव्हतो. शाळेत असताना आम्हाला कधी ग्रंथालयातून पुस्तके दीलीच नाहीत. त्याचा उपयोग फक्त मास्तर लोक करीत. कॉलेजमध्ये गेल्यावरही परिस्थितीत फारसा बदल झाला नाही. आम्हाला फक्त आमच्या कॉलेजच्या अभ्यासाच्या विषयाशी निगडित पुस्तकेच दिली जात. ख-या ग्रंथालयाचा पहिला अनुभव घेतला तो मरिन लाईन्स येथल्या अमेरिकन लायब्ररी मध्ये. ही लायब्ररी पुर्णपणे मोफत होती. अमेरीकन सरकार तिला पैसे पुरवायची. एक आदर्श लायब्ररी कशी असावी याचा ते एक जिवंत नमुना होती. संपुर्ण लायब्ररी मध्यवर्तीरीत्या वातानुकूलीत होती. लायब्ररीती सर्व पुस्तके अगदी कोरी करकरीत होती. त्यांचा संदर्भ विभाग पाहुन तर मला वेड लागायची पाळी आली. इतका परिपुर्ण आणि समृध्द असा संदर्भ विभाग मी याआधी कधीही पाहिला नव्हता. लायब्ररीत प्रवेश केल्यावर आपण जणुकाही अमेरिकेत गेलो आहोत असा भास व्हायचा. कॉलेज सुटल्यानंतर त्या लायब्ररीतल्या संदर्भ विभागात तासनतास बसणे हा माझा रोजचा शिरस्ता झाला होता. काही काळ मी मुंबई मराठी ग्रंथसंग्रहालय, दादर येथे सभासद होतो. परंतु घरापासून लांब असल्याने मी त्याचा फारसा उपभोग घेऊ शकलो नाही.&lt;br /&gt;१९९० मध्ये मी माझे कॉलेजचे शिक्षण अर्धवट सोडून भारत पेट्रोलियम या कंपनीत तांत्रिक शिक्षणाची उमेदवारी स्विकारली. भारत पेट्रोलियम कंपनीतल्या स्पोर्टस क्लब मध्ये कंपनी कर्मचा-यांसाठी एक लहान पण सुसज्ज लायब्ररी होती. ही लायब्ररी आम्हा एप्रेंटीस लोकांनाही खुली होती. लायब्ररीचे संचालन कामगारांच्याच हातात असल्याने त्यात प्रामुख्याने चावट कथा कादंब-यांचाच भरणा होता. तरीही काही प्रमाणात माहीतीपुर्ण पुस्तकेही होती. माझ्या दीर्घ वाचनाची सुरुवात याच वाचनालयापासुन सुरु झाली. माझा वाचनाचा वेग कमी असल्याने मला जाड कादंब-या वाचण्यास बराच वेळ लागतो. तरी प्रत्येक दिवशी किमान १० पाने तरी वाचावीत असा माझा प्रयत्न असतो.&lt;br /&gt;या ब्लॉगमध्ये मी वाचलेल्या पुस्तकांची नॊंद करणार आहे. त्या पुस्तकाचा सारांश आणि त्या पुस्तकाबद्दलचे माझे मत आणि टीप्पणी मी देणार आहे. माझी स्मृती फारशी चांगली नसल्याकारणाने मी वाचलेली पुस्तके कालौघात मी विसरुन जातो. मला पुस्तकाचे नाव आठवते परंतू त्यापुस्तकातील कथा अथवा माहीती यांचा संदर्भ मी विसरुन जातो. या ब्लॉगमध्ये त्याची कायमस्वरुपी नोंद झाल्याने माझ्या मेंदूचा भार आता काहीसा कमी झाला आहे. परंपरागत डायरीची जागा आता इंटरनेट्वरील ब्लॉग्सने घेतली आहे. ही सुविधा इंटरनेटवर आधारीत असल्याने त्याला स्थल-कालाचे बंधन नाही. तुम्ही मुंबईमध्ये असाल कींवा लॉस एंजल्स मध्ये असाल, तुम्हाला तुमचा ब्लॉग इ-मेल प्रमाणे कुठूनही वापरता येतो. तुम्ही तुमच्या ब्लॉगद्वारे तुमचे विचार जगभरच्या लोकांपर्यंत पोहोचवू शकता. आणि अगदी महत्त्वाचे म्हणजे ही सुविधा अगदी पुर्णपणे मोफत आहे. यूनिकोड फॉंटचा वापर करुन तुम्ही माझ्याप्रमाणे आपल्या भाषेमध्ये आपले मत व्यक्त करु शकता. खरोखर राष्ट्र, धर्म, वंश, भाषा हे सर्व भेदभाव विसरुन सर्व जग कसे जवळ आलेले आहे याचा हा एक अभूतपूर्व अनुभव आहे.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4651760816747700132?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4651760816747700132/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4651760816747700132' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4651760816747700132'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4651760816747700132'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/08/blog-post_496.html' title='पहिले पान'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/SaQdOdtPcxI/AAAAAAAAAu8/uYQVzhw2vjk/s72-c/butter.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-873671007701841788</id><published>2006-08-20T17:05:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:24:14.677+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>China builds model of Indian border 2400 km away</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqgYVgYD8I/AAAAAAAAAKY/ByH5oYH8pgU/s1600-h/china.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqgYVgYD8I/AAAAAAAAAKY/ByH5oYH8pgU/s320/china.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105569467528122306" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The discovery of what is considered a military establishment in China’s Northern plains by a Google Earth user from Germany has kicked up a storm on the Net’s strategic forums. Here’s why: The establishment, snapped from Google’s free satellite imagery software, houses a startlingly accurate scale model of a highly sensitive stretch of the disputed Sino-Indian border.  &lt;p&gt;A careful study of the model, located at a large military complex in China’s Huangyangtan province, likely used for training and familiarisation of troops, helicopters and infantry vehicles, shows that it is built to scale based on a stretch 2,400 km away along the Aksai Chin area bordering Ladakh, part of the stretch through which invading Chinese forces entered in the 1962 war. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The facility, full with uncharacteristic and man-made snow peaks, glacial lakes and snow rifts—ironically in the middle of an arid plain—is flanked by a large military depot with buildings and at least a hundred military trucks. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Army did not confirm that it was aware of the facility, but officially told The Indian Express, “Militaries are always known to simulate potential conflict zones as a standard practice. There is absolute peace and tranquility on the border with China, a disputed border that the two governments are resolving through peaceful dialogue. It is nothing alarming, these are standard training methodologies.” &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Off the record, though, an officer currently with the Quarter Master General branch, but who has served along the border with Aksai Chin, said, “We knew that they had some facilities for this purpose but the scale and detail is something new to us.” &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The sense is that economic development near the border and a quiet, but progressive peace dialogue to end the border dispute notwithstanding, the PLA is keeping its forces well in touch with potential conflict zones— especially Aksai Chin, strategically important to Beijing since it houses crucial road heads and Demchok, one of the principally disputed zones. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The image could be anything between six months and two years old, proving that training on disputed terrain is still very much part of the PLA’s war doctrine.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqgrlgYD9I/AAAAAAAAAKg/YB9VwbkOHe0/s1600-h/Aksai.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqgrlgYD9I/AAAAAAAAAKg/YB9VwbkOHe0/s320/Aksai.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105569798240604114" border="0" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-873671007701841788?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/873671007701841788/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=873671007701841788' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/873671007701841788'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/873671007701841788'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/china-builds-model-of-indian-border.html' title='China builds model of Indian border 2400 km away'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqgYVgYD8I/AAAAAAAAAKY/ByH5oYH8pgU/s72-c/china.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-8241636037751619602</id><published>2006-08-19T17:02:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:23:52.126+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>What Makes Eurofighter fly?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqfkVgYD7I/AAAAAAAAAKQ/mvWUOi3u--o/s1600-h/euro.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqfkVgYD7I/AAAAAAAAAKQ/mvWUOi3u--o/s320/euro.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105568574174924722" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;Saudi Arabia is buying 72 Eurofighter Typhoon jets from the UK in a deal that could be worth more than £6bn.&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;p&gt;The order is a huge boost to BAE Systems, and is the latest development in a saga that has lasted more than two decades.  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Why is this defence order so important to the UK?&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The entire project has come in for huge criticism and the Eurofighter has had to fight off ferocious competition from the US and France to win export orders. The Saudi deal is proof that Eurofighter can win large orders in a tough market. BAE Systems is one of the four main contractors building Eurofighter, with partners in Germany, Italy and Spain. Thousands of high-tech jobs in Lancashire, where BAE Systems has its military aircraft division, will be safeguarded by the order. The area is home to dozens of small specialist engineering companies that supply parts and expertise to the BAE Systems plant at Warton, just outside of Preston. When the UK sold Tornado fighters to the Saudi air force in the 1980s, subsequent contracts for support and airfield infrastructure generated massive business for other UK companies in the defence and construction sectors. The Eurofighter order may herald a similar bonanza for UK companies. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;So who else is buying the planes?&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eurofighter's first export success was a small order from Austria for 18 aircraft. But the company subsequently lost out in a competition to supply jets to the Singapore Air Force, fanning fears that it would struggle to sell. Now the huge Saudi order means other customers will feel more confident about buying the aircraft. Norway, Greece and Turkey are all being mentioned as possible future customers for the Eurofighter. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Why has the Eurofighter been so controversial?&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aircraft was conceived during the 1980s as a counter to the latest Russian fighters, but technical challenges and the end of the Cold War led to calls for its cancellation. As a result, the testing programme was delayed and the first prototype did not fly until 1994. Costs rose dramatically during the project and the UK's bill for buying 232 has soared from £7bn to an estimated £15bn. Critics argue that the UK's Royal Air Force (RAF) and its European allies no longer need a top of the range fighter. They point out that conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan require infantry and helicopters, not sophisticated fighter jets that will take up a huge chunk of the hard-pressed defence budget. Also, the RAF has struggled to get the aircraft into service and the initial deployment with the air forces of the four partner nations was repeatedly delayed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;So why is the UK pushing ahead with the Eurofighter?&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Simply put, because the four partner nations need a fighter to replace existing aircraft. The RAF must replace aging Tornado F3 fighters, which defend UK airspace, and elderly Jaguar fighter-bombers, which support the army. These aircraft were designed in the 1960s and 1970s and have been in service for 20-35 years. And while the military threat from the Soviet Union no longer exists, Russia is selling its top-of-the-range fighters to many countries. At the same time, China is increasing its presence in the international fighter export market. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;So is the Eurofighter any good?&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Critics have suggested that the Eurofighter is only useful for air-to-air combat, and not for supporting troops on the ground. And they have complained that it was not designed to evade radar, like the latest generation of US stealth fighters. In fact the Eurofighter was designed from outset to be a fighter-bomber that could switch from dog-fighting in the air to attacking targets on the ground all during the same mission. Some observers have claimed that many criticisms of the fighter plane have come from US aerospace companies alarmed at the prospect of losing customers to the Eurofighter. Also, designing a fighter to be stealthy brings its own set of problems not least because stealth aircraft cannot carry out tight dogfight manoeuvres at high speed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;What makes it special?&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Eurofighter's engines, made by Rolls-Royce, give enormous power in relation to the aircraft's weight. This allows the Eurofighter to fly at supersonic speeds without burning excess fuel, a revolutionary feature in a modern fighter. The fighter jet is controlled by computers that feed instructions into the wings and tail far faster than a human pilot could manage, allowing the pilot to throw the plane around the sky and use entirely new tactics. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;So what will be the Eurofighter's main competition?&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), which the US is developing in co-operation with the UK, is due to enter service after 2012. But this project has hit serious technical problems and is under threat in the US Congress. The US Air Force has already begun to take delivery of another superjet, the F-22 Raptor. This is very stealthy but costs twice the price of the Eurofighter, and reports suggest that RAF's Eurofighters have flown highly successful missions against the F-22 during recent exercises in the US. It also is competing with the French-made Rafale, which is very similar to the Eurofighter and may be on the UK's Royal Navy shopping list. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-8241636037751619602?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/8241636037751619602/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=8241636037751619602' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8241636037751619602'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8241636037751619602'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/08/what-makes-eurofighter-fly.html' title='What Makes Eurofighter fly?'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqfkVgYD7I/AAAAAAAAAKQ/mvWUOi3u--o/s72-c/euro.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-8360003762065610596</id><published>2006-08-07T23:13:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:15:34.637+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Science'/><title type='text'>To What Extent Are Genetic Variation and Personal Health Linked?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxH-FgYECI/AAAAAAAAALI/VQhkSIUEFtw/s1600-h/Steth.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxH-FgYECI/AAAAAAAAALI/VQhkSIUEFtw/s320/Steth.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5106035209486733346" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Forty years ago, doctors learned why some patients who received the anesthetic succinylcholine awoke normally but remained temporarily paralyzed and unable to breathe: They shared an inherited quirk that slowed their metabolism of the drug. Later, scientists traced sluggish succinylcholine metabolism to a particular gene variant. Roughly 1 in 3500 people carry two deleterious copies, putting them at high risk of this distressing side effect.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The solution to the succinylcholine mystery was among the first links drawn between genetic variation and an individual's response to drugs. Since then, a small but growing number of differences in drug metabolism have been linked to genetics, helping explain why some patients benefit from a particular drug, some gain nothing, and others suffer toxic side effects.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same sort of variation, it is now clear, plays a key role in individual risks of coming down with a variety of diseases. Gene variants have been linked to elevated risks for disorders from Alzheimer's disease to breast cancer, and they may help explain why, for example, some smokers develop lung cancer whereas many others don't.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These developments have led to hopes--and some hype--that we are on the verge of an era of personalized medicine, one in which genetic tests will determine disease risks and guide prevention strategies and therapies. But digging up the DNA responsible--if in fact DNA is responsible--and converting that knowledge into gene tests that doctors can use remains a formidable challenge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many conditions, including various cancers, heart attacks, lupus, and depression, likely arise when a particular mix of genes collides with something in the environment, such as nicotine or a fatty diet. These multigene interactions are subtler and knottier than the single gene drivers of diseases such as hemophilia and cystic fibrosis; spotting them calls for statistical inspiration and rigorous experiments repeated again and again to guard against introducing unproven gene tests into the clinic. And determining treatment strategies will be no less complex: Last summer, for example, a team of scientists linked 124 different genes to resistance to four leukemia drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But identifying gene networks like these is only the beginning. One of the toughest tasks is replicating these studies--an especially difficult proposition in diseases that are not overwhelmingly heritable, such as asthma, or ones that affect fairly small patient cohorts, such as certain childhood cancers. Many clinical trials do not routinely collect DNA from volunteers, making it sometimes difficult for scientists to correlate disease or drug response with genes. Gene microarrays, which measure expression of dozens of genes at once, can be fickle and supply inconsistent results. Gene studies can also be prohibitively costly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nonetheless, genetic dissection of some diseases--such as cancer, asthma, and heart disease--is galloping ahead. Progress in other areas, such as psychiatric disorders, is slower. Severely depressed or schizophrenic patients could benefit enormously from tests that reveal which drug and dose will help them the most, but unlike asthma, drug response can be difficult to quantify biologically, making gene-drug relations tougher to pin down.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As DNA sequence becomes more available and technologies improve, the genetic patterns that govern health will likely come into sharper relief. Genetic tools still under construction, such as a haplotype map that will be used to discern genetic variation behind common diseases, could further accelerate the search for disease genes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The next step will be designing DNA tests to guide clinical decision-making--and using them. If history is any guide, integrating such tests into standard practice will take time. In emergencies--a heart attack, an acute cancer, or an asthma attack--such tests will be valuable only if they rapidly deliver results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultimately, comprehensive personalized medicine will come only if pharmaceutical companies want it to--and it will take enormous investments in research and development. Many companies worry that testing for genetic differences will narrow their market and squelch their profits.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Still, researchers continue to identify new opportunities. In May, the Icelandic company deCODE Genetics reported that an experimental asthma drug that pharmaceutical giant Bayer had abandoned appeared to decrease the risk of heart attack in more than 170 patients who carried particular gene variants. The drug targets the protein produced by one of those genes. The finding is likely to be just a foretaste of the many surprises in store, as the braids binding DNA, drugs, and disease are slowly unwound.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-8360003762065610596?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/8360003762065610596/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=8360003762065610596' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8360003762065610596'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8360003762065610596'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/08/to-what-extent-are-genetic-variation.html' title='To What Extent Are Genetic Variation and Personal Health Linked?'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxH-FgYECI/AAAAAAAAALI/VQhkSIUEFtw/s72-c/Steth.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-949852151801142979</id><published>2006-07-29T16:57:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:23:18.248+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>Diego Garcia : A real threat to Indian ocean countries</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqeQVgYD6I/AAAAAAAAAKI/KZrUdH157kE/s1600-h/diego.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqeQVgYD6I/AAAAAAAAAKI/KZrUdH157kE/s320/diego.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105567131065913250" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The US Naval Base Diego Garcia located in the center of Indian Ocean, is a real threat to the security of Countries around Indian Ocean. US created so much hue and cry when Russians established their military base near US mainland in Cuba, which is also known as "Cuban Missile Crisis". But why there is no cry heard when it is establishing its bases near other nations? US used this base to house B52's to attack Iraq during gulf war. Following is the article published in military.com giving its history.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diego Garcia, British Indian Ocean Territory is located at 7 Degrees South Latitude, off the tip of India. Diego Garcia was discovered by Portuguese explorers in the early 1500s. It is the largest of fifty-two islands which form the Chagos Archipelago, located in the heart of the Indian Ocean. The island's name is believed to have come from either the ship's captain or the navigator on that early voyage of discovery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A tropical footprint-shaped island just 7 degrees south of the equator, Diego Garcia is heavily vegetated. The island covers 6,720 acres in area with a maximum height of 22 feet and an average elevation of four feet above sea level. The shoreline is about 40 miles long and the island encloses a lagoon 6.5 miles wide and 13 miles long.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1965, with the formation of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), Diego Garcia was under the administrative control of the British government of the Seychelles. In 1976, the Seychelles gained independence from England and the BIOT became a self-administering territory under the East African Desk of the British Foreign Office. The Crown's representative on island, the British Representative (BRITREP), acts as both Justice of the Peace and Commanding Officer of the Royal Naval Party 1002.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until 1971, Diego Garcia's main source of income was from the profitable copra oil plantation. At one time, copra oil from here and the other "Oil Islands" provided fine machine oil and fuel to light European lamps. During the roughly 170 years of plantation life, coconut harvests on Diego Garcia remained fairly constant, at about four million nuts annually. The plantation years ended with the arrival of the U.S. military construction.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On March 24, 1971 construction began on a U.S. Naval Communication Facility. This construction was accomplished by units of the U.S. Naval Construction Force (Seabees). Naval Communications Station Pre-commissioning Detachment arrived to prepare for operations in December of 1972 and on March 20, 1973 the U.S. Naval Communications Stations, Diego Garcia, was commissioned. The communications facility was later changed to Naval Computer and Telecommunication Station (NCTS) in October of 1991.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A major change to the island organizational structure occurred with the establishment of the Navy Support Facility (NSF) on October 1, 1977. Commanding Officer, NSF, assumed all duties and responsibilities previously assigned to the Island Commander. The nucleus for NSF came from the original Communication Station enlisted and officer allowances. All billets, other than those dedicated to communications support, were transferred to CO, NSF, who is responsible for maintaining and operating facilities and providing services and materials in support of several tenant shore activities and units of the operating forces. Following the overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979, Diego Garcia saw the most dramatic build-up of any location since the Vietnam War era. In 1986, Diego Garcia became fully operational with the completion of a $500 million construction program.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 1990, Iraqi invasion of Kuwait marked the most intense operational period in Diego Garcia's history. From 1 August 1990 to 28 February 1991, NAVSUPPFAC Diego Garcia achieved and maintained the highest degree of operational readiness and provided levels of support which outstripped all contingency planning. As the base population doubled almost overnight, with the deployment of a Strategic Air Command Bombardment Wing and other aviation detachments, workload base-wide increased from 300-2000% over peacetime levels with no personnel augmentation. Diego Garcia became the only U.S. Navy base that launched offensive air operations during Operation Desert Storm and Diego Garcia remains a vital link in our defense structure.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-949852151801142979?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/949852151801142979/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=949852151801142979' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/949852151801142979'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/949852151801142979'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/07/diego-garcia-real-threat-to-indian.html' title='Diego Garcia : A real threat to Indian ocean countries'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqeQVgYD6I/AAAAAAAAAKI/KZrUdH157kE/s72-c/diego.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-6264269703648637589</id><published>2006-07-29T16:53:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:23:02.874+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>India tests Trishul missile</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqddVgYD5I/AAAAAAAAAKA/SGjpbqoOYcc/s1600-h/trishul.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqddVgYD5I/AAAAAAAAAKA/SGjpbqoOYcc/s320/trishul.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105566254892584850" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The Trishul "quick-reaction" surface-to- air missile was again tested on 23rd July 2006, but just like its sister Akash missile it is still far from being inducted into the armed forces. The frequent time, cost, technical and operational slippages in the nine-km-range Trishul and 25-km-range Akash surface-to-air missile programs have meant that the country's air defence cover continues to have gaping holes. &lt;p&gt; Pakistan, in sharp contrast, has always accorded high priority to its air defence management, with its multi-tier surveillance cover, air defence fighters, quick-reaction, short-range missiles and an integrated control and reporting system. The Indian Armed Forces, however, continues to make do with its obsolete air defence systems, said an Asian Age report here today. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; The IAF, for instance, has aging Pechora, Igla-1M and OSA-AK missile systems, and that, too, in woefully inadequate numbers. While Trishul was to replace its OSA-AK weapons system, Akash was meant as a substitute for Pechora. But both the Trishul and Akash air defence missile systems, which are part of the original Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme launched as far back as 1983, have been dogged by development snags in their "command guidance and integrated Ramjet rocket propulsion" systems. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; Trishul, for instance, has been tested over 80 times so far without coming anywhere near becoming operational. It was, in fact, virtually given up for dead in 2003 after around Rs 300 crore was spent on it, before being revived yet again. Trishul's repeated failure, in fact, forced the Navy to go in for nine Israeli Barak anti-missile defence systems for its frontline warships, along with 200 Barak missiles, at a cost of Rs 1,510 crore during the 1999 Kargil conflict. The Navy is now inducting even more Barak systems due to Trishul's continued failure. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; The Defence Research and Development Organization, for its part, contends the seven Trishul trials so far this year, including a flight test with enhanced range of 11.5km against a remotely piloted aircraft, have "met all mission objectives." Trishul can engage targets like aircraft and helicopter, flying between 300 meters and 500 meters, by using its radar command-to- line, of-sight guidance system, it says. The report card for Akash, tested 16 times since January 2005, is even better since it has completed all its development trials. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; "On January 28 this year, interception of two moving targets by two Akash missiles with live warheads was successfully carried out," said an official. "Akash has multiple-target handling capacity with a digitally coded command guidance system. Its user trials are now in progress," he said. The missile's `Rajendra' radar, a multi-function phased array radar which carries out surveillance, target-tracking, missile acquisition and guidance, can simultaneously track several aircraft within a range of 40 to 60 kilometers. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-6264269703648637589?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/6264269703648637589/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=6264269703648637589' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6264269703648637589'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6264269703648637589'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/07/india-tests-trishul-missile.html' title='India tests Trishul missile'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqddVgYD5I/AAAAAAAAAKA/SGjpbqoOYcc/s72-c/trishul.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4470228293198224950</id><published>2006-07-10T23:09:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:11:46.692+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Science'/><title type='text'>India's space odyssey stalled as rocket explodes</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxHFlgYEBI/AAAAAAAAALA/X1ReADcGwFU/s1600-h/gslv.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxHFlgYEBI/AAAAAAAAALA/X1ReADcGwFU/s320/gslv.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5106034238824124434" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;Sriharikota&lt;/span&gt; (Andhra Pradesh), (IANS) India's ambitious space programme suffered a blow Monday when a launch vehicle that was to put a communications satellite into orbit exploded moments after launch here but scientists pledged to come up with a new satellite within a year.&lt;br /&gt;The Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSLV-FO2 blew up into a huge ball of fire after deviating from its flight path while the INSAT 4C system plunged into the sea, causing despair among India's scientific community. The mission control at the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) Sriharikota station gave the command to destroy the 2,168-kg satellite the rocket was carrying in order to prevent any disaster to populated areas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'We had a mishap this evening,' ISRO chairman G. Madhavan Nair told the media at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Sriharikota island, off Andhra Pradesh, describing the failure as 'a rare phenomenon'. He said one of the strap-on engines in the first stage of the launch vehicle under performed, causing the failure. Emergency measures were resorted to and the ISRO mission control gave the destroy command for its Rs.960-million satellite and Rs.1.6-billion launch vehicle, ending years of effort by hundreds of scientists, to ensure that the debris fell into the sea.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was the first time an INSAT series satellite was launched from an Indian space station. It was the heaviest of ISRO satellites. 'The lift-off was normal. Within a few seconds, however, it was clear that the vehicle was not following the trajectory. After 60 seconds of the lift-off, parts of the vehicle were falling off,' the ISRO chief said. Nair did not rule out sabotage but said that he would not be able to anything definite unless he analysed more data 'on what happened this evening to INSAT 4C'. This, he said, would be available within the week. The INSAT 4C failure came a day after the Defence Research and Development Organisation's long-range ballistic missile Agni-III, capable of carrying nuclear warhead and travelling 3,500 km, failed in its test firing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nair said: 'In one of the four strap-on engines in the first stage of the launch vehicle, the pressure had fallen below zero.' This created an imbalance in the thrust to the lift-off. 'We could control this up to 45 seconds of the lift-off.' The vehicle's normal inclination was supposed to be about four degrees but by the time it was 60 seconds in the air it had tilted to 10 degrees or more. 'More telemetry data is required. The process to gather this data has been initiated,' Nair said. The launch, originally scheduled at 4 p.m., was postponed to 5.17 p.m. and then to 5.37 p.m. There was some fuel leak in the cryogenic third stage of the launch vehicle, which engineers had to put right at the last minute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;'This delay had nothing to do with the vehicle but was a ground-system problem,' Nair clarified. He described the failure as a 'setback' but noted 'ISRO had a success record for the last 11 missions' and promised to get another satellite up in a year's time. The third satellite in the INSAT-4 series - INSAT-4B - is to be launched from Kourou in February 2007. Nair said that those who had bought transponder services for the INSAT 4C would be accommodated in INSAT 4B transponders and with yet another new satellite later. The INSAT 4C satellite was to be placed 36,000 km from earth, by the 49-meter tall GSLV from the second new state-of-the art launch pad at the Sriharikota space station, 80 km north of Chennai.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The satellite contained the latest set of 12 Ku-band 36 MHz bandwidth transponders that were designed to provide direct to home (DTH) television services, transmit video pictures, assist digital satellite news gathering and support the National Informatics Centre for its VSAT link. The final orbit of the NSAT-4C satellite was to be geostationary, at 74 degrees East longitude. The launch vehicle, in its second operational flight already had two successful test flights. In April 2001 it put the 1500-kg GSAT-1 satellite into orbit, followed by GSAT-2 in May 2003.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4470228293198224950?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4470228293198224950/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4470228293198224950' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4470228293198224950'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4470228293198224950'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/07/indias-space-odyssey-stalled-as-rocket.html' title='India&apos;s space odyssey stalled as rocket explodes'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxHFlgYEBI/AAAAAAAAALA/X1ReADcGwFU/s72-c/gslv.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-6010335677859889844</id><published>2006-06-29T16:28:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:22:36.643+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>Research and Analysis Wing</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqYEVgYD3I/AAAAAAAAAJw/eZwPDpwLWwA/s1600-h/lal.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqYEVgYD3I/AAAAAAAAAJw/eZwPDpwLWwA/s320/lal.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105560327837716338" align="left" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The Cabinet Secretariat Research and Analysis Wing [RAW], India's most powerful intelligence agency, is India’s external intelligence agency. RAW has become an effective instrument of India's national power, and has assumed a significant role in formulating India's domestic and foreign policies. RAW has engaged in disinformation campaigns, espionage and sabotage against Pakistan and other neighboring countries. RAW has enjoyed the backing of successive Indian governments in these efforts. Working directly under the Prime Minister, the structure, rank, pay and perks of the Research &amp;amp; Analysis Wing are kept secret from Parliament.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Current policy debates in India have generally failed to focus on the relative priority given by RAW to activities directed against India's neighbors versus attention to domestic affairs to safeguard India's security and territorial integrity. The RAW has had limited success in dealing with separatist movements in Manipur and Tripura in the northeast, Tamil Nadu in the south, and Punjab and Kashmir in the northwestern part of the country. Indian sources allege the CIA has penetrated freedom fighters in Kashmir and started activities in Kerala, Karnataka, and other places, along with conducting economic and industrial espionage activities in New Delhi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1968 India established this special branch of its intelligence service specifically targeted on Pakistan. The formation of RAW was based on the belief that Pakistan was supplying weapons to Sikh terrorists, and providing shelter and training to the guerrillas in Pakistan. Pakistan has accused the Research and Analysis Wing of sponsoring sabotage in Punjab, where RAW is alleged to have supported the Seraiki movement, providing financial support to promote its activities in Pakistan and organizing an International Seraiki Conference in Delhi in November-December 1993. RAW has an extensive network of agents and anti-government elements within Pakistan, including dissident elements from various sectarian and ethnic groups of Sindh and Punjab. Published reports allege that as many as 35,000 RAW agents have entered Pakistan between 1983-93, with 12,000 are working in Sindh, 10000 in Punjab 8000 in North West Frontier Province and 5000 in Balochistan. As many as 40 terrorist training camps at Rajasthan, East Punjab, Held Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and other parts of India are run by the RAW's Special Service Bureau (SSB).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Throughout the Afghan War RAW was responsible for the planning and execution of terrorist activities in Pakistan to deter Pakistan from support of Afghan liberation movement against India's ally, the Soviet Union. The assistance provided to RAW by the KGB enabled RAW to arrange terrorist attacks in Pakistani cities throughout the Afghan War. The defeat of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan did not end the role of RAW in Pakistan, with reports that suggest that India has established a training camp in the town of Qadian, in East Punjab, where non-Muslim Pakistanis are trained for terrorist activities. Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif has blamed India for funding the current upsurge of terrorism in Pakistan, and senior ministers have blamed the Research and Analysis Wing for the sectarian violence between Shias and Sunnis which has resulted in thousands of deaths every year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Government of Pakistan frequently assigns responsibility for terrorist activity to the Indian Government, even when no evidence can be verified. It is evidently in the interest of the Pakistani government to blame terrorist actions on external rather than internal sources, just as it would be in the interest of Indian services to obscure their hand in such actions. Terrorist activities in Pakistan attributed to the clandestine activities of Indian and Afghan intelligence agencies include:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* A car bomb explosion in Saddar area of Peshawar on 21 December 1995 caused the deaths of 37 persons and injured over 50 others.&lt;br /&gt;* An explosion at Shaukat Khanum Hospital on 14 April 1996, claimed the lives of seven persons and injured to over 34 others.&lt;br /&gt;* A bus traveling from Lahore to Sahiwal was blown up at Bhai Pheru on 28 April 1996, causing the deaths of 44 persons on the spot and injuring 30 others.&lt;br /&gt;* An explosion in a bus near the Sheikhupura hospital killed 9 persons and injured 29 others on 08 May 1996.&lt;br /&gt;* An explosion near Alam chowk, Gujranwala on 10 June 1996 killed 3 persons and injured 11 others.&lt;br /&gt;* A bomb exploded on a bus on GT Road near Kharian on 10 June 1996, killing 2 persons and injuring 10 others.&lt;br /&gt;* On 27 June 1996, an explosion opposite Madrassah Faizul Islam, Faizabad, Rawalpindi, killed 5 persons and injured over 50 others.&lt;br /&gt;* A bomb explosion in the Faisalabad railway station passenger lounge on 08 July 1996 killed 3 persons and injured 20 others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RAW has responded to Pakistani arms and training for Muslim militants in the disputed region of Kashmir state. RAW allegedly executed a hijacking of an Indian Airliner to Lahore in 1971 which was attributed to the Kashmiris, to give a terrorist dimension to the Kashmiri national movement. However soon the extent of RAW's involvement was made public.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RAW has a long history of activity in Bangladesh, supporting both secular forces and the area's Hindu minority. The involvement of RAW in East Pakistan is said to date from the 1960s, when RAW promoted dissatisfaction against Pakistan in East Pakistan, including funding Mujibur Rahmanh's general election in 1970 and providing training and arming the Mukti Bahini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the course of its investigation the Jain Commission received testimony on the official Indian support to the various Sri Lankan Tamil armed groups in Tamil Nadu. From 1981, RAW and the Intelligence Bureau established a network of as many as 30 training bases for these groups in India. Centers were also established at the high-security military installation of Chakrata, near Dehra Dun, and in the Ramakrishna Puram area of New Delhi. This clandestine support to the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), some of whom were on the payroll of RAW, was later suspended. Starting in late 1986 the Research and Analysis Wing focused surveillance on the LTTE which was expanding ties with Tamil Nadu separatist groups. Rajiv Gandhi sought to establish good relations with the LTTE, even after the Indian Peace Keeping Force [IPKF] experience in Sri Lanka. But the Indian intelligence community failed to accurately assess the character of the LTTE and its orientation India and its political leaders. The LTTE assassination of Rajiv Gandhi was apparently motivated by fears of a possible re-induction of the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) in Sri Lanka and a crackdown on the LTTE network in Tamil Nadu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The RAW and the Ministry of External Affairs are provided Rs 25 crore annually as "discretionary grants" for foreign influence operations. These funds have supported organisations fighting Sikh and Kashmiri separatists in the UK, Canada and the US. An extensive network of Indian operatives is controlled by the Indian Embassy in Washington DC. The Indian embassy's covert activities are reported to include the infitration of US long distance telephone carriers by Indian operatives, with access to all kinds of information, to r blackmail relatives of US residents living in India. In 1996 an Indian diplomat was implicated in a scandal over illegal funding of political candidates in the US. Under US law foreign nationals are prohibited from contributing to federal elections. The US District Court in Baltimore sentenced Lalit H Gadhia, a naturalised US citizen of Indian origin, to three months imprisonment. Gadhia had confessed that he worked as a conduit between the Indian Embassy and various Indian-American organisations for funnelling campaign contributions to influence US lawmakers. Over $46,000 from the Indian Embassy was distributed among 20 Congressional candidates. The source of the cash used by Gadhia was Devendra Singh, a RAW official assigned to the Indian Embassy in Washington. Illicit campaign money received in 1995 went to Democratic candidates including Sens. Charles S. Robb (D-Va.), Paul S. Sarbanes (D -Md.) and Reps. Benjamin L. Cardin (D-Md.) and Steny H. Hoyer (D-Md.).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Source : &lt;a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/india/raw.htm"&gt;http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/world/india/raw.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-6010335677859889844?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/6010335677859889844/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=6010335677859889844' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6010335677859889844'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/6010335677859889844'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/06/research-and-analysis-wing.html' title='Research and Analysis Wing'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqYEVgYD3I/AAAAAAAAAJw/eZwPDpwLWwA/s72-c/lal.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-381768115038582216</id><published>2006-06-29T16:04:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:22:00.913+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>India to offer military package to Maldives</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqTBlgYD0I/AAAAAAAAAJY/7Z2YJo8_F7Q/s1600-h/maldives.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqTBlgYD0I/AAAAAAAAAJY/7Z2YJo8_F7Q/s320/maldives.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105554783034937154" align="left" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;As part of the overall strategy to provide military aid to Indian Ocean Region (IOR) countries, and prevent China from further spreading its influence in the region, India will hand over a small warship and other supplies to Maldives next month.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Defence minister Pranab Mukherjee will be travelling to Male in mid-April to "transfer" INS Tillanchang, a 260-tonne fast-attack craft commissioned in 2001, to Maldives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The military package will also include Rs 6-crore for training, material and technical assistance. Moreover, an Indian Navy survey ship, INS Darshak, will conduct a hydrographic survey in the waters around Maldives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INS Tillanchang, with a deployment range of 3,600-km, is designed for fast and covert operations against smugglers, gun-runners and terrorists. "Our country's central location within IOR makes us a major stake-holder in the security and stability of the region," said an officer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India has taken several steps to build bridges with IOR nations, which range from joint patrols with Indonesian and Sri Lankan navies and exercises with Singapore and Oman to providing seaward security for international summits in Mozambique.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maldives constitutes an important part of this strategy since China is making persistent moves in the region as part of its military diplomacy. China, in fact, plans to establish a full-fledged naval base in Marao, one of the islands of Maldives, by 2010.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India has always been willing to help Maldives in times of crisis. Indian paratroopers and naval warships, for instance, were rushed to Maldives in November 1988 by the Rajiv Gandhi government under Operation Cactus to thwart the coup attempt against the Abdul Gayoom government.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-381768115038582216?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/381768115038582216/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=381768115038582216' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/381768115038582216'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/381768115038582216'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/06/india-to-offer-military-package-to.html' title='India to offer military package to Maldives'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqTBlgYD0I/AAAAAAAAAJY/7Z2YJo8_F7Q/s72-c/maldives.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-9094539373814107404</id><published>2006-06-24T00:45:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T21:07:32.204+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diary'/><title type='text'>10 things I hate about India</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa2yz8Op7I/AAAAAAAAAxk/Vh-gx6PINPE/s1600-h/india.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 163px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa2yz8Op7I/AAAAAAAAAxk/Vh-gx6PINPE/s200/india.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307130194955249586" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;I liked this article published on Rediff.com website. The author have pointed out exact points where India need to improve. Please remember that this author is a foreigner and written this article with his point of view.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Original Author - Claude Arpi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Many years ago a friend of mine wrote a book, The Wonder that IS India. Both of us have lived more for than 30 years in the Land of the Bharatiyas and share a love for this nation. When he showed me the manuscript of his book, I had pointed out that his representation of India was too rosy and suggested one more chapter -- 'The Horror that is India'. I think he did.&lt;br /&gt;I have the same feelings for India today: 95 per cent is good, but there are some aspects that I am still not able to swallow, even after all these years. I have listed ten of them. Even if it does not change anything, at least some of my frustrations will be released while penning them down.&lt;br /&gt;Before I begin, I must first say that during a recent visit to France, it was a pleasant surprise to see that India's image is fast changing in the West. When I left France in the early 1970s to settle in India, my family and friends considered it a shocking decision. To leave France, a 'developed' country and emigrate to the end of the world to a 'land of misery' populated 'by elephants and cobras' was unimaginable!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was told that for a student in France today, it was of great added-value on his CV, if he had undergone training or internship in India. This 'Indian' wave has been reinforced since Mittal Steel tried to purchase Arcelor, the jewel of the French steel industry.&lt;br /&gt;Though the nation has grown and matured over the last few decades, unfortunately not all domains have followed the same evolution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here is my list of the 10 things I still can't 'digest' about India:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;1. Power cuts:&lt;/span&gt; While typing this article, the electricity board cut off the power supply. The reason -- a storm last night which lasted for 15 to 20 minutes. 'As a precautionary measure' the officials very compassionately disconnected vast areas from the network in the night and the following morning.&lt;br /&gt;Being in rural Tamil Nadu, these officials want to protect us from broken wires due to fallen trees (it could electrocute passersby, they say). While I appreciate their reasoning, I was surprised to see that during the cyclonic rains in New Orleans last year, though thousands perished, electricity was not switched off. Indian officials will tell you that the US is a rich and developed country, not comparable to India. Where is the connection?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;2. Indian babus:&lt;/span&gt; One could write volumes on the famous babus of India. They run one of the largest bureaucracies in the world, but have not been able to change their mindset.&lt;br /&gt;A particularly bothersome aspect is that their laws often come from antiquated rules and regulations that nobody knows of. The consequence is what we call red-tapism, though for them it is 'implementing the letter, the law of the land'. But what about its spirit? In any case, the law has always to 'follow its own course'.&lt;br /&gt;A few years ago, a diligent minister found hundreds such laws and regulations dating back to the British. In the era of modern technology and communications, this is preposterous.&lt;br /&gt;Another aspect that irritates me about the bureaucracy is that babus never respond to letters. Probably they consider themselves to be the government's servants, not 'civil' servants and therefore find no need to reply to ordinary citizens.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;3. No access to historical documents:&lt;/span&gt; Though a better understanding of the history of the subcontinent could be one of the keys to disentangle difficult problems such as the Kashmir issue, today nobody can access primary sources. They are locked away in the vaults of the Nehru Memorial Library or the almirahs of South Block.&lt;br /&gt;All those who have tried to access historical documents since India's independence will tell you that till the end of babudom, one bureaucrat or another will ensure that you do not access the dusty files. Without fail, you will be courteously informed that India's security and integrity will be endangered if these precious documents are opened to the public. It is sad that Indians are not entitled to study their past (though they can always visit archives in the West to know more about India!)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;4. Discrimination against the white tourist:&lt;/span&gt; Something particularly irritating for a 'white man' is that wherever he goes in India, he has to pay a special rate. Whether he visits the Taj Mahal where the 'white' tourist has to cough up Rs 750 to see the mausoleum, or a national museum, or even hotels or airlines, there is a true racial discrimination.&lt;br /&gt;Rates are often ten times higher for those who have a 'white' or 'yellow' (Japanese) skin. Those who have made these rules do not understand that this policy harms India's image.&lt;br /&gt;The desire to make a quick buck from the so-called rich tourists leaves a bitter taste in the mouth of the visitors who in any case would have spent their budget during the stay in India. To my knowledge, India must be the only nation in the world implementing these separate rates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;5. Paranoia about maps:&lt;/span&gt; Another strange thing in India is the paranoia about maps. Several years ago I visited the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh. One day I was invited to the office of a local tahsildar. To my astonishment, the poor babu did not have a map of the area under his jurisdiction. He only had a vague sketch of the district. When I expressed surprise, he explained that maps were 'classified' and only the army was authorised to use them.&lt;br /&gt;Is it not foolish to believe that the Chinese do not possess detailed maps of Arunachal? And what about Google Earth which is now available the world over?&lt;br /&gt;One can only be surprised by this 'official' paranoia about maps. India is today a great power; technological advancements have occurred in the world during the past decades and will undoubtedly continue to occur and India has no choice but to accept them and make the best use of them.&lt;br /&gt;A year ago, the Union Cabinet approved a new National Map Policy, but unfortunately, the mindset of the implementers remains the same.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;6. And photographs:&lt;/span&gt; The paranoia is not about maps alone, it extends to photos, particularly of the sites under the Archeological Survey of India. A friend told me of her nightmarish experience while doing research in Chennai and the number of forms she had to fill to take some photos in a museum. Though one pays in hard currency, one has still to justify why one needs a particular photo. The poor researcher is looked upon as someone trying to 'steal' the national patrimony.&lt;br /&gt;In contrast, a few weeks earlier, I visited the Louvre museum in Paris which receives tens of thousands of visitors every day. All of them were happily clicking away at statues, paintings, art artefacts (it is only prohibited to photograph the Mona Lisa for security reasons) and amongst them, a great number of Indians, perhaps the most frenetic clickers. This is understandable, as they have to compensate for their frustration at home!&lt;br /&gt;A French television crew told me about their adventure while trying to shoot in a fort once occupied by Rajaji (C Rajagopalachari). Before leaving Paris, they had planned a short sequence at the fort. They dutifully applied to the Indian embassy for permission. After paying a hefty Rs 5,000 they were given a stamped and signed permission. When they arrived on the spot, the local official told them: "No way, as your permission does specifically mention it, you are not authorised to shoot with a stand. You have to go to Chennai (150 km away) and get the permission duly modified. No problem, it will take you a day only!" They left disgusted, the fort will not appear in their film.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;7. Politicians:&lt;/span&gt; The topic of politicians is an easy one. Everything appalling and more can be said of them and one will still remain below the truth. In their defense, they are part of a system which is uniquely based on votes.&lt;br /&gt;To win votes, one needs money and all compromises are permissible to get the required funds 'to serve the people'. It is true the world over, but here like in many other domains India excels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;8. Neglect for the environment:&lt;/span&gt; Another frustrating aspect for me is the lack of care for the environment (though it has been recently improving). While Indians are the most conscious people as far as personal hygiene goes, there is very little civic awareness or concern for the environment.&lt;br /&gt;Education could help (for example for disposal of garbage or plastic bags), but it is often government policies such as free electricity for farmers, incentives for asbestos sheets (one of the most carcinogenic material) or chemical pesticides which harm the environment the most.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;9. Traffic:&lt;/span&gt; I hate the Indian traffic (with its absence of rules). Each time I return from a visit abroad, it is a terrible shock. It is difficult to comprehend how there are not more casualties on the road. A friend explained to me that the multitude of gods in India probably protect their flock. The fact is that there are no law enforcement authorities (most of the police force is busy with VIP duty).&lt;br /&gt;In France and elsewhere if the cops were not around, very few would follow the traffic rules. Extremely severe punishment for breaking traffic rules has a strong dissuasive effect. Here in India, you can always get away with a few rupees.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;10. Corruption:&lt;/span&gt; It is better to not comment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Please allow me to add a last point: the number of 'holidays' taken for a myriad of family 'problems', (marriages, engagements, funerals, etc.), cultural, local or religious festivals (of all faiths: India is secular), then you have bandhs, hartals, riots, strikes (India is the only place in the world where the government sometimes calls for a strike), etc... The worst are 'French leaves', absolutely unknown in France.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apart from the above, India is an incredible place and I have never regretted, even for one day, to have settled here.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-9094539373814107404?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/9094539373814107404/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=9094539373814107404' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/9094539373814107404'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/9094539373814107404'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2007/09/i-liked-this-article-published-on.html' title='10 things I hate about India'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa2yz8Op7I/AAAAAAAAAxk/Vh-gx6PINPE/s72-c/india.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-7428293758706021778</id><published>2006-06-23T13:20:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-26T21:10:30.515+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Diary'/><title type='text'>Public Transport in Pune</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa3xVF0YZI/AAAAAAAAAxs/MneqBaS_MvE/s1600-h/pune.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa3xVF0YZI/AAAAAAAAAxs/MneqBaS_MvE/s200/pune.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5307131269005730194" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;During Internet surfing I found link to this site &lt;a href="http://www.gopetition.com/online/8517.html"&gt;http://www.gopetition.com/online/8517.html&lt;/a&gt; which is collecting signs from general public to file a petition against Pune Municipal Corporation to improve public transport system in Pune. I think every citizen in Pune should sign it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Public Transport in Pune 716 Signatures&lt;br /&gt;Category: Roads &amp;amp; Transport&lt;br /&gt;Region: India&lt;br /&gt;Description/History:May 5, 2006&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pune is amongst the most polluted cities in India. Due to growing wealth within the low/middle-income groups, the number of cars, two and three wheelers plying on the roads have increased substantially. Pune traffic has become increasingly unruly and dangerous.&lt;br /&gt;Individuals could easily consider giving up on their 2 wheelers and cars, provided an efficient public transport was available. There may be a need to cut down on the number of rickshaws as well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This petition is aimed at solving some of these difficulties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Petition:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pune needs an efficient and a safe rapid public transport system in place. We need not look too far for inspiration. Bombay can serve as an example.&lt;br /&gt;We request Civic &amp;amp; State Transport Authorities to implement the following&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) Allow private public transport system within Pune.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2) Existing PMT buses should not only be increased in numbers but replaced with modern energy efficient vehicles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3) Further all major parts of Pune should be linked with each other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4) PMT should function more like a Corporate providing detailed information on bus frequencies, time-tables &amp;amp; ensuring bus-stops of high standards (but not occupying entire width of pavements).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5) To ensure a rapid transport system, create dedicated bus lanes on major roads.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6) Encourage use of Public Transport by introducing competitive fares (including season &amp;amp; annual passes).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7) Discourage use of personal vehicles (2 wheelers and cars) by introducing a road tax collected as a percentage of the amount of petrol used/bought. This way road tax cannot be evaded and will be proportional to amount of use of cars.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8) Restrict rickshaws to periphery of Pune. If there is fear of job losses, rickshaw drivers should be given an opportunity to re-train and become a part of expanding PMT or any private public transport enterprise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jai Hind, Jai Maharashtra&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-7428293758706021778?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/7428293758706021778/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=7428293758706021778' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7428293758706021778'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/7428293758706021778'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/06/public-transport-in-pune.html' title='Public Transport in Pune'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/Saa3xVF0YZI/AAAAAAAAAxs/MneqBaS_MvE/s72-c/pune.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-4850729406424148287</id><published>2006-06-21T16:18:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:21:26.173+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Military'/><title type='text'>North Korea's Missile Ploy: No Good Options</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqWQlgYD2I/AAAAAAAAAJo/vk-izAF4V7M/s1600-h/radar2.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqWQlgYD2I/AAAAAAAAAJo/vk-izAF4V7M/s320/radar2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5105558339267858274" align="left" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;To say that the Bush Administration is exasperated by North Korea's provocations is an understatement. After all, the only thing worse than watching a charter member of President Bush's "Axis of Evil" thumb its nose at the international community, is not having an effective means to respond. And despite all the tough talk emanating out of Washington, the U.S. has few good options for responding to the latest bit of saber-rattling from the hermit Stalinist regime in Pyongyang, this time involving an all-too-real saber: A Taepodong 2 long-range missile, capable of hitting Alaska and Japan, which North Korea appears to be shaping up to test-fire.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such a test would end a moratorium on missile testing the North Korea adopted in 1998 to create confidence in six party talks over its nuclear program. But with those talks stalled since last November over widely differing interpretations between Washington and Pyongyang over what had been agreed, North Korea appears inclined to reclaim the spotlight from Iran by reminding the international community that left untended, it can cause plenty of trouble.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But if the North Koreans are engaged in political theater with missiles, the U.S. may have decided to respond in kind. U.S. officials reportedly acknowledged Tuesday that Washington's multi-billion-dollar missile defense system has been made operational in the past two weeks, despite the fact that that the system — whose record even in tests rigged in its favor has been so dismal that testing was eventually suspended — has yet to prove capable of actually doing its job. That gesture seemed to sum up the Administration's dilemma: Its policies to pressure North Korea to desist from bad behavior have simply not worked. And now North Korea is raising the stakes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice stressed that a missile test would be a provocation. "I can assure everyone that it would be taken with utmost seriousness," she warned, although she did not specify what consequence might result. The U.S. would consult with its allies on the next step, she said. Those other parties to the talks certainly share the U.S. alarm at the prospect of a North Korea test — Japan warned that if the missile fell on its territory, it would be regarded as an attack (although it later softened that position), while South Korea urged its neighbor not to "put a friend in danger" by firing a missile, and China called for calm. But it's not clear that any possible consequences would substantially alter North Korea's cost-benefit analysis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Western economic sanctions mean comparatively little to an economy already largely isolated; and the two countries on which Pyongyang substantially depends, China and South Korea, have long made clear that they have no intention of putting a serious economic squeeze on Pyongyang, for fear that it would topple the regime and spread chaos across the Korean peninsula. Still, China values its ties with the U.S., even as that relationship becomes strained by geopolitical conflicts of interest, and it is therefore reportedly furious at North Korea's tactics. Quiet pressure from Beijing may be the best bet for restraining the North Koreans, but even that is far from a sure thing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The most perceptive warning, however, may have come from Australia: "North Korea would be gravely mistaken if it thinks that a missile test would improve its bargaining position in the six-party talks," said foreign minister Alexander Downing. If brinkmanship is his game — and the pattern of previous North Korean tactics suggests that the missile threat may indeed be a negotiating ploy as much as anything else — North Korean leader Kim Jong-Il may also be aware that actually going ahead with a missile test (rather than simply dangling the threat of doing so) could weaken rather than strengthen his bargaining position. That's because North Korea has profited diplomatically from the view in Beijing and Seoul that the impasse in the six-party process is as much a result of the Bush Administration's hard line as of Pyongyang's recalcitrance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A missile test could destroy South Korea's strategy of engagement with the North, and force China to distance itself from Pyongyang, dashing any hope of a breakthrough that would improve the regime's prospects of reviving its sclerotic economy. Kim Jong-il may, however, believe that a missile test will create a crisis that will, as it has repeatedly since 1994, force the great powers to deal with North Korea in ways that ultimately reward his brinkmanship. With the volatile fuel reportedly already in the rockets, it may be a matter of days before the answer is known.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-4850729406424148287?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/4850729406424148287/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=4850729406424148287' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4850729406424148287'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/4850729406424148287'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/06/north-koreas-missile-ploy-no-good.html' title='North Korea&apos;s Missile Ploy: No Good Options'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtqWQlgYD2I/AAAAAAAAAJo/vk-izAF4V7M/s72-c/radar2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-8351717611886726923</id><published>2006-06-13T23:05:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:08:44.743+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Science'/><title type='text'>Why Do Humans Have So Few Genes?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxGQlgYEAI/AAAAAAAAAK4/m9bMO1_HOOQ/s1600-h/genes.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxGQlgYEAI/AAAAAAAAAK4/m9bMO1_HOOQ/s320/genes.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5106033328291057666" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;When leading biologists were unraveling the sequence of the human genome in the late 1990s, they ran a pool on the number of genes contained in the 3 billion base pairs that make up our DNA. Few bets came close. The conventional wisdom a decade or so ago was that we need about 100,000 genes to carry out the myriad cellular processes that keep us functioning. But it turns out that we have only about 25,000 genes--about the same number as a tiny flowering plant called Arabidopsis and barely more than the worm Caenorhabditis elegans.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That big surprise reinforced a growing realization among geneticists: Our genomes and those of other mammals are far more flexible and complicated than they once seemed. The old notion of one gene/one protein has gone by the board: It is now clear that many genes can make more than one protein. Regulatory proteins, RNA, noncoding bits of DNA, even chemical and structural alterations of the genome itself control how, where, and when genes are expressed. Figuring out how all these elements work together to choreograph gene expression is one of the central challenges facing biologists.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the past few years, it has become clear that a phenomenon called alternative splicing is one reason human genomes can produce such complexity with so few genes. Human genes contain both coding DNA--exons--and noncoding DNA. In some genes, different combinations of exons can become active at different times, and each combination yields a different protein. Alternative splicing was long considered a rare hiccup during transcription, but researchers have concluded that it may occur in half--some say close to all--of our genes. That finding goes a long way toward explaining how so few genes can produce hundreds of thousands of different proteins. But how the transcription machinery decides which parts of a gene to read at any particular time is still largely a mystery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same could be said for the mechanisms that determine which genes or suites of genes are turned on or off at particular times and places. Researchers are discovering that each gene needs a supporting cast of hundreds to get its job done. They include proteins that shut down or activate a gene, for example by adding acetyl or methyl groups to the DNA. Other proteins, called transcription factors, interact with the genes more directly: They bind to landing sites situated near the gene under their control. As with alternative splicing, activation of different combinations of landing sites makes possible exquisite control of gene expression, but researchers have yet to figure out exactly how all these regulatory elements really work or how they fit in with alternative splicing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the past decade or so, researchers have also come to appreciate the key roles played by chromatin proteins and RNA in regulating gene expression. Chromatin proteins are essentially the packaging for DNA, holding chromosomes in well-defined spirals. By slightly changing shape, chromatin may expose different genes to the transcription machinery.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Genes also dance to the tune of RNA. Small RNA molecules, many less than 30 bases, now share the limelight with other gene regulators. Many researchers who once focused on messenger RNA and other relatively large RNA molecules have in the past 5 years turned their attention to these smaller cousins, including microRNA and small nuclear RNA. Surprisingly, RNAs in these various guises shut down and otherwise alter gene expression. They also are key to cell differentiation in developing organisms, but the mechanisms are not fully understood.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Researchers have made enormous strides in pinpointing these various mechanisms. By matching up genomes from organisms on different branches on the evolutionary tree, genomicists are locating regulatory regions and gaining insights into how mechanisms such as alternative splicing evolved. These studies, in turn, should shed light on how these regions work. Experiments in mice, such as the addition or deletion of regulatory regions and manipulating RNA, and computer models should also help. But the central question is likely to remain unsolved for a long time: How do all these features meld together to make us whole?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-8351717611886726923?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/8351717611886726923/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=8351717611886726923' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8351717611886726923'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/8351717611886726923'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/06/why-do-humans-have-so-few-genes.html' title='Why Do Humans Have So Few Genes?'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp0.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxGQlgYEAI/AAAAAAAAAK4/m9bMO1_HOOQ/s72-c/genes.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-2655279722538730334</id><published>2006-06-13T23:01:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:04:31.629+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Science'/><title type='text'>What Is the Biological Basis of Consciousness?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxFb1gYD_I/AAAAAAAAAKw/adNS5XY0QMM/s1600-h/brain.png"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxFb1gYD_I/AAAAAAAAAKw/adNS5XY0QMM/s320/brain.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5106032422052958194" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;For centuries, debating the nature of consciousness was the exclusive purview of philosophers. But if the recent torrent of books on the topic is any indication, a shift has taken place: Scientists are getting into the game.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Has the nature of consciousness finally shifted from a philosophical question to a scientific one that can be solved by doing experiments? The answer, as with any related to this topic, depends on whom you ask. But scientific interest in this slippery, age-old question seems to be gathering momentum. So far, however, although theories abound, hard data are sparse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The discourse on consciousness has been hugely influenced by René Descartes, the French philosopher who in the mid-17th century declared that body and mind are made of different stuff entirely. It must be so, Descartes concluded, because the body exists in both time and space, whereas the mind has no spatial dimension.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Recent scientifically oriented accounts of consciousness generally reject Descartes's solution; most prefer to treat body and mind as different aspects of the same thing. In this view, consciousness emerges from the properties and organization of neurons in the brain. But how? And how can scientists, with their devotion to objective observation and measurement, gain access to the inherently private and subjective realm of consciousness?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some insights have come from examining neurological patients whose injuries have altered their consciousness. Damage to certain evolutionarily ancient structures in the brainstem robs people of consciousness entirely, leaving them in a coma or a persistent vegetative state. Although these regions may be a master switch for consciousness, they are unlikely to be its sole source. Different aspects of consciousness are probably generated in different brain regions. Damage to visual areas of the cerebral cortex, for example, can produce strange deficits limited to visual awareness. One extensively studied patient, known as D.F., is unable to identify shapes or determine the orientation of a thin slot in a vertical disk. Yet when asked to pick up a card and slide it through the slot, she does so easily. At some level, D.F. must know the orientation of the slot to be able to do this, but she seems not to know she knows.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cleverly designed experiments can produce similar dissociations of unconscious and conscious knowledge in people without neurological damage. And researchers hope that scanning the brains of subjects engaged in such tasks will reveal clues about the neural activity required for conscious awareness. Work with monkeys also may elucidate some aspects of consciousness, particularly visual awareness. One experimental approach is to present a monkey with an optical illusion that creates a "bistable percept," looking like one thing one moment and another the next. (The orientation-flipping Necker cube is a well-known example.) Monkeys can be trained to indicate which version they perceive. At the same time, researchers hunt for neurons that track the monkey's perception, in hopes that these neurons will lead them to the neural systems involved in conscious visual awareness and ultimately to an explanation of how a particular pattern of photons hitting the retina produces the experience of seeing, say, a rose.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Experiments under way at present generally address only pieces of the consciousness puzzle, and very few directly address the most enigmatic aspect of the conscious human mind: the sense of self. Yet the experimental work has begun, and if the results don't provide a blinding insight into how consciousness arises from tangles of neurons, they should at least refine the next round of questions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultimately, scientists would like to understand not just the biological basis of consciousness but also why it exists. What selection pressure led to its development, and how many of our fellow creatures share it? Some researchers suspect that consciousness is not unique to humans, but of course much depends on how the term is defined. Biological markers for consciousness might help settle the matter and shed light on how consciousness develops early in life. Such markers could also inform medical decisions about loved ones who are in an unresponsive state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until fairly recently, tackling the subject of consciousness was a dubious career move for any scientist without tenure (and perhaps a Nobel Prize already in the bag). Fortunately, more young researchers are now joining the fray. The unanswered questions should keep them--and the printing presses--busy for many years to come.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-2655279722538730334?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/2655279722538730334/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=2655279722538730334' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/2655279722538730334'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/2655279722538730334'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/06/what-is-biological-basis-of.html' title='What Is the Biological Basis of Consciousness?'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp1.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxFb1gYD_I/AAAAAAAAAKw/adNS5XY0QMM/s72-c/brain.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1793332409723728817.post-1640903256213475740</id><published>2006-06-13T22:59:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2007-09-03T23:01:40.789+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Science'/><title type='text'>What Is the Universe Made Of?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxE5FgYD-I/AAAAAAAAAKo/qfsoTcZCPns/s1600-h/galaxy.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer;" src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxE5FgYD-I/AAAAAAAAAKo/qfsoTcZCPns/s320/galaxy.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5106031825052504034" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Every once in a while, cosmologists are dragged, kicking and screaming, into a universe much more unsettling than they had any reason to expect. In the 1500s and 1600s, Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton showed that Earth is just one of many planets orbiting one of many stars, destroying the comfortable Medieval notion of a closed and tiny cosmos. In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble showed that our universe is constantly expanding and evolving, a finding that eventually shattered the idea that the universe is unchanging and eternal. And in the past few decades, cosmologists have discovered that the ordinary matter that makes up stars and galaxies and people is less than 5% of everything there is. Grappling with this new understanding of the cosmos, scientists face one overriding question: What is the universe made of?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This question arises from years of progressively stranger observations. In the 1960s, astronomers discovered that galaxies spun around too fast for the collective pull of the stars' gravity to keep them from flying apart. Something unseen appears to be keeping the stars from flinging themselves away from the center: unilluminated matter that exerts extra gravitational force. This is dark matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the years, scientists have spotted some of this dark matter in space; they have seen ghostly clouds of gas with x-ray telescopes, watched the twinkle of distant stars as invisible clumps of matter pass in front of them, and measured the distortion of space and time caused by invisible mass in galaxies. And thanks to observations of the abundances of elements in primordial gas clouds, physicists have concluded that only 10% of ordinary matter is visible to telescopes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But even multiplying all the visible "ordinary" matter by 10 doesn't come close to accounting for how the universe is structured. When astronomers look up in the heavens with powerful telescopes, they see a lumpy cosmos. Galaxies don't dot the skies uniformly; they cluster together in thin tendrils and filaments that twine among vast voids. Just as there isn't enough visible matter to keep galaxies spinning at the right speed, there isn't enough ordinary matter to account for this lumpiness. Cosmologists now conclude that the gravitational forces exerted by another form of dark matter, made of an as-yet-undiscovered type of particle, must be sculpting these vast cosmic structures. They estimate that this exotic dark matter makes up about 25% of the stuff in the universe--five times as much as ordinary matter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But even this mysterious entity pales by comparison to another mystery: dark energy. In the late 1990s, scientists examining distant supernovae discovered that the universe is expanding faster and faster, instead of slowing down as the laws of physics would imply. Is there some sort of antigravity force blowing the universe up?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All signs point to yes. Independent measurements of a variety of phenomena--cosmic background radiation, element abundances, galaxy clustering, gravitational lensing, gas cloud properties--all converge on a consistent, but bizarre, picture of the cosmos. Ordinary matter and exotic, unknown particles together make up only about 30% of the stuff in the universe; the rest is this mysterious anti-gravity force known as dark energy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This means that figuring out what the universe is made of will require answers to three increasingly difficult sets of questions. What is ordinary dark matter made of, and where does it reside? Astrophysical observations, such as those that measure the bending of light by massive objects in space, are already yielding the answer. What is exotic dark matter? Scientists have some ideas, and with luck, a dark-matter trap buried deep underground or a high-energy atom smasher will discover a new type of particle within the next decade. And finally, what is dark energy? This question, which wouldn't even have been asked a decade ago, seems to transcend known physics more than any other phenomenon yet observed. Ever-better measurements of supernovae and cosmic background radiation as well as planned observations of gravitational lensing will yield information about dark energy's "equation of state"--essentially a measure of how squishy the substance is. But at the moment, the nature of dark energy is arguably the murkiest question in physics--and the one that, when answered, may shed the most light.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1793332409723728817-1640903256213475740?l=ppshenoy.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/feeds/1640903256213475740/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=1793332409723728817&amp;postID=1640903256213475740' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1640903256213475740'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/1793332409723728817/posts/default/1640903256213475740'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://ppshenoy.blogspot.com/2006/06/what-is-universe-made-of.html' title='What Is the Universe Made Of?'/><author><name>Prakash</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/03386354977325092781</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='31' src='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TV40eU6xuRY/TmWHI06wiVI/AAAAAAAAA_I/UFWW3BC7bVY/s220/mickey_mouse_photos1.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://bp2.blogger.com/_FJWYgnVJJFk/RtxE5FgYD-I/AAAAAAAAAKo/qfsoTcZCPns/s72-c/galaxy.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
