Posts

Showing posts from February, 2024

Ramayan Map

Image
 

Gaganyaan Mission - Astronauts

Image
Narendra Modi is the first Prime Minister to visit Isro’s Thiruvananthapuram-based Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in four decades, where he met the four astronauts-select — Group Captain Prasanth Balakrishnan Nair, Group Captain Angad Pratap, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla —who have been shortlisted for the Gaganyaan mission. At VSSC, PM Modi bestowed ‘astronaut wings’ on the four test pilots after introducing them to the world and called them “the pride of today’s India” who “who will take the aspirations of 140 crore Indians to space”. The profiles of the four astronauts-select: Group Captain Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair: A native of Nenmara in Palakkad in Kerala, Nair completed his schooling in Kuwait where his father was employed. After coming back to India, he did his engineering from NSS College, Akathethara, in Palakkad and joined the NDA course in Khadakwasla and then entered 163rd pilot course at the Air Force Academy from where he passed

The Universe 10

Time of the Universe The cosmic calendar compresses the local history of the universe into a single year. If the universe began on January 1st, it was not until May that the Milky Way formed. Other planetary systems may have appeared in June, July, and August, but our sun and Earth not until mid-September. Life arose soon after. Everything humans have ever done occurred in that bright speck at the lower right of the cosmic calendar. The Big Bang is at upper left in the first second of January 1st. Fifteen billion years later is our present time: the last second of December 31st. Every month is 1¼ billion years long. Each day represents 40 million years. Each second stands for some 500 years of our history. The blinking of an eye in the drama of cosmic time. At this scale, the cosmic calendar is the size of a football field, but all of human history would occupy an area the size of my hand. We’re just beginning to trace the long and tortuous path which began with the primeval fireball a

The Universe 09

Gazing our Universe By 1600, the long-forgotten ideas of Aristarchus had been rediscovered. Johannes Kepler constructed elaborate models to understand the motion and arrangement of the planets; the clockwork of the heavens. And at night, he dreamt of traveling to the moon. His principal scientific tools were the mathematics of the Alexandrian Library and an unswerving respect for the facts—however disquieting they might be. His story, and the story of the scientists who came after him, are also part of our voyage. Seventy years later, the sun-centered universe of Aristarchus and Copernicus was widely accepted in the Europe of the Enlightenment. The idea arose that the planets were worlds governed by laws of nature, and scientific speculation turned to the motions of the stars. The clockwork in the heavens was imitated by the watchmakers of Earth. Precise timekeeping permitted great sailing ship voyages of exploration and discovery which bound up the Earth. This was a time when free inq

The Universe 08

Sustaining the legacy of wisdom Today, Alexandria shows few traces of its ancient glory of the days when Eratosthenes walked its broad avenues. Over the centuries, waves of conquerors converted its palaces and temples into castles and churches, then into minarets and mosques. The city was chosen to be the capital of his empire by Alexander the Great on a winter’s afternoon in 331 B.C. A century later, it had become the greatest city of the world. Each successive civilization has left its mark. But what now remains of the marvel city of Alexander’s dream? Alexandria is still a thriving marketplace, still a crossroads for the peoples of the Near East. But once, it was radiant with self-confidence; certain of its power. Can you recapture a vanished epoch from a few broken statues and scraps of ancient manuscripts? In Alexandria, there was an immense library and an associated research institute. And in them worked the finest minds in the ancient world. Of that legendary library, all that s

The Universe 07

The desire to learn drives scientific inquiry In Alexandria, at that time, there lived a man named Eratosthenes. One of his envious contemporaries called him “beta”—the second letter of the Greek alphabet—because, he said, “Eratosthenes was second-best in the world in everything.” But it seems clear that, in many fields, Eratosthenes was “alpha.” He was an astronomer, historian, geographer, philosopher, poet, theater critic, and mathematician. He was also the chief librarian of the Great Library of Alexandria. And one day, while reading a papyrus book in the library, he came upon a curious account. Far to the south—he read—at the frontier outpost of Syene, something notable could be seen on the longest day of the year. On June 21st, the shadows of a temple column, or a vertical stick, would grow shorter as noon approached. And as the hours crept towards midday, the sun’s rays would slither down the sides of a deep well which on other days would remain in shadow. And then, precisely at

The Universe 06

Earth Welcome to the planet Earth. A place with blue nitrogen skies, oceans of liquid water, cool forests, soft meadows. A world positively rippling with life. In the cosmic perspective it is, for the moment, unique. The only world in which we know with certainty that the matter of the cosmos has become alive and aware. There must be many such worlds scattered through space, but our search for them begins here with the accumulated wisdom of the men and women of our species acquired at great cost over a million years. There was once a time when our little planet seemed immense. When it was the only world we could explore. Its true size was first worked out in a simple and ingenious way by a man who lived here, in Egypt, in the third century B.C. This tower may have been a communications tower, part of a network running along the North African coast, by which signal bonfires were used to communicate messages of state. It also may have been used as a lighthouse; a navigational beacon for

The Universe 05

The Solar System Most stars belong to systems of two or three or many suns bound together by gravity. Each system is isolated from its neighbors by the light years. We are approaching a single, ordinary, yellow dwarf star surrounded by a system of nine planets, dozens of moons, thousands of asteroids, and billions of comets: the family of the sun. Only four light hours from Earth is the planet Neptune and its giant satellite, Triton. Even in the outskirts of our own solar system, we humans have barely begun our explorations. Only a century ago, we were ignorant even of the existence of the planet Pluto. Its moon, Charon, remained undiscovered until 1978. The rings of Uranus were first detected in 1977. There are new worlds to chart even this close to home. Saturn is a giant gas world. If it has a solid surface, it must lie far below the clouds we see. Saturn’s majestic rings are made of trillions of orbiting snowballs. We are now only 80 light minutes from home. A mere one and a half b

The Universe 04

Nebulae Among the many glowing clouds of interstellar gas is one called the Orion Nebula, only 1,500 light years from Earth. These three bright stars are seen by earthlings as the belt in the familiar constellation of Orion the hunter. The nebula appears from Earth as a patch of light: the middle star in Orion’s sword. But it is not a star. It is another thing entirely: a cloud that veils one of nature’s secret places. This is a stellar nursery, a place where stars are born. They condense by gravity from gas and dust until their temperatures become so high that they begin to shine. Such clouds mark the births of stars as others bear witness to their deaths. And after stars condense in the hidden interiors of interstellar clouds, what happens to them? The Pleiades are a loose cluster of young stars only 50 million years old. These fledgling stars are just being let out into the galaxy. Still surrounded by wisps of nebulosity, the gas and dust from which they formed. There are clouds tha

The Universe 03

Stars Scattered among the stars of the Milky Way are supernova remnants, each one the remains of a colossal stellar explosion. These filaments of glowing gas are the outer layers of a star which has recently destroyed itself. The gas is unraveling returning star-stuff back into space. And at its heart are the remains of the original star: a dense, shrunken stellar fragment called a pulsar. A natural lighthouse, blinking and hissing. A sun that spins twice each second. Pulsars keep such perfect time that the first one discovered was thought to be a sign of extraterrestrial intelligence. Perhaps a navigational beacon for great ships that travel across the light years and between the stars. There may be such intelligences and such starships, but pulsars are not their signature. Instead, they are the doleful reminders that nothing lasts forever; that stars also die. We continue to plummet, falling thousands of light years towards the plane of the galaxy. This is the Milky Way, our galaxy,

The Universe 02

Galaxies Before us is the cosmos on the grandest scale we know. We are far from the shores of Earth in the uncharted reaches of the cosmic ocean. Strewn like sea froth on the waves of space are innumerable faint tendrils of light, some of them containing hundreds of billions of suns. These are the galaxies drifting endlessly in the great cosmic dark. In our ship of the imagination we are halfway to the edge of the known universe. In this, the first of our cosmic voyages, we begin to explore the universe revealed by science. Our course will eventually carry us to a far-off and exotic world. But from the depths of space, we cannot detect even the cluster of galaxies in which our Milky Way is embedded, much less the sun or the Earth. We are in the realm of the galaxies, 8 billion light years from home. No matter where we travel, the patterns of nature are the same as in the form of this spiral galaxy. The same laws of physics apply everywhere throughout the cosmos. But we have just begun

The Universe 01

The cosmos is all that is or ever was or ever will be. Our contemplations of the cosmos stir us. There is a tingling in the spine, a catch in the voice, a faint sensation: as if a distant memory of falling from a great height. We know we are approaching the grandest of mysteries. The size and age of the cosmos are beyond ordinary human understanding. Lost somewhere between immensity and eternity is our tiny planetary home, the Earth. For the first time, we have the power to decide the fate of our planet and ourselves. This is a time of great danger, but our species is young and curious and brave. It shows much promise. In the last few millennia we’ve made the most astonishing and unexpected discoveries about the cosmos and our place within it. I believe our future depends powerfully on how well we understand this cosmos in which we float like a mote of dust in the morning sky. We’re about to begin a journey through the cosmos. We’ll encounter galaxies, and suns, and planets, life and c

The Universe

The Universe Index 01. Introduction 02. Galaxies 03. Stars 04. Nebulae 05. The Solar System 06. Earth 07.  The desire to learn drives scientific inquiry 08.  Sustaining the legacy of wisdom 09.  Gazing our Universe 10.  Time of the Universe

рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддिрдЪрд░िрдд्рд░ - рдордиोрд╣рд░ рдЬोрд╢ी

Image
рдордиोрд╣рд░ рдЬोрд╢ी рдпांрдЪा рдЬрди्рдо реи рдбिрд╕ेंрдмрд░ резрепрейрен рд░ोрдЬी рд░ाрдпрдЧрдб рдЬिрд▓्рд╣्рдпाрддीрд▓ рдиांрджрд╡ी рдпा рдЧाрд╡ाрдд рдЭाрд▓ा рд╣ोрддा. рдШрд░рдЪी рдЖрд░्рдеिрдХ рдкрд░िрд╕्рдеिрддी рдЦूрдк рд╡ाрдИрдЯ. рдд्рдпाрдоुрд│े рдд्рдпांрдЪं рдЖрдпुрд╖्рдпाрдЪा рдк्рд░рд╡ाрд╕ рдЦрдбрддрд░ рд░ाрд╣िрд▓ा. рд╡рдбीрд▓ рднिрдХ्рд╖ुрдХी рдоाрдЧाрдпрдЪे. рдордиोрд╣рд░ рдЬोрд╢ी рдпांрдиीрд╣ी рднिрдХ्рд╖ुрдХीрддूрди рдоाрдЧूрди рдХुрдЯुंрдмाрд▓ा рд╣ाрддрднाрд░ рд▓ाрд╡рд▓ा. рдордиोрд╣рд░ рдЬोрд╢ी рдпांрдЪे рдмाрд▓рдкрдг рдЕрддिрд╢рдп рдЧрд░िрдмीрдд рдЧेрд▓े.рдд्рдпांрдиा рджोрди рд╡ेрд│рдЪ्рдпा рдЬेрд╡рдгाрдЪीрд╣ी рдн्рд░ांрдд рд╣ोрддी.рдкрдирд╡ेрд▓рдордз्рдпे рдорд╣ाрдЬрди рдиाрд╡ाрдЪ्рдпा рд╢िрдХ्рд╖िрдХेрдиे рдд्рдпांрдиा рд╕ाрдд рдШрд░ांрдд рдиेрдКрди рд╕ाрдд рдЬेрд╡рдгांрдЪी рд╕ोрдп рдХेрд▓ी. рдкाрдЪрд╡ीрдЪ्рдпा рд╡рд░्рдЧाрдд рдЕрд╕рддाрдиा рддे рд╕्рд╡рддःрдЪ्рдпा рдкाрдпांрд╡рд░ рдЙрднे рд░ाрд╣िрд▓े. рдордиोрд╣рд░ рдЬोрд╢ींрдЪं рдЪौрдеीрдкрд░्рдпंрддрдЪ рд╢िрдХ्рд╖рдг рдиांрджрд╡ीрд▓ा рдЭाрд▓ं. рдкाрдЪрд╡ीрдЪं рд╢िрдХ्рд╖рдг рдорд╣ाрдб, рддрд░ рд╕рд╣ाрд╡ीрдиंрддрд░ рддे рдоाрдоाрдХрдбे рдкрдирд╡ेрд▓рд▓ा рдЖрд▓े. рдоाрдоाрдЪी рдмрджрд▓ी рдЭाрд▓्рдпाрдиंрддрд░ рддे рдЧोрд▓्рдл рдоैрджाрдиाрдд рдмॉрдпрдЪी рдиोрдХрд░ी рдХрд░ू рд▓ाрдЧрд▓े. рдпा рдХाрд│ाрдд рддे рдоिрдд्рд░ाрдЪ्рдпा рдЦोрд▓ीрдд рд░ाрд╣рдд рд╣ोрддे. рдкुрдвे рдордиोрд╣рд░ рдЬोрд╢ी резрез рд╡ीрдЪ्рдпा рд╢िрдХ्рд╖рдгाрд╕ाрдаी рдоुंрдмрдИрддीрд▓ рдмрд╣िрдгीрдХрдбे рдЖрд▓े. рд╕рд╣рд╕्рдд्рд░рдмुрдж्рдзे рдХ्рд▓ाрд╕рдордз्рдпे рдд्рдпांрдиी рд╢िрдкाрдпाрдЪी рдиोрдХрд░ी рдХेрд▓ी рдЖрдгि рд╢िрдХ्рд╖рдг рдШेрддрд▓े. рдиंрддрд░ рдХिрд░्рддी рдХॉрд▓ेрдЬрдордзूрди рдд्рдпांрдиी рдмीрдПрдЪी рдкрджрд╡ी рдШेрддрд▓ी. рд╡рдпाрдЪ्рдпा реиренрд╡्рдпा рд╡рд░्рд╖ी рдПрдо.рдП, рдПрд▓.рдПрд▓.рдмीрдЪी рдкрджрд╡ी рдШेрддрд▓ी. рдорд╣рдд्рдд्рд╡ाрдЪी рдЧोрд╖्рдЯ рдо्рд╣рдгрдЬे рдордиोрд╣рд░ рдЬोрд╢ी рдпांрдиी рд╡рдпाрдЪ्рдпा ренреирд╡्рдпा рд╡рд░्рд╖ी рдкीрдПрдЪ.рдбी рдкूрд░्рдг рдХेрд▓ी. 'рд╢

рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддिрдЪрд░िрдд्рд░ - рдЕрд╢ोрдХ рд╕рд░ाрдл

Image
рдЕрд╢ोрдХ рд╕рд░ाрдл рд╣े рдПрдХ рд▓ोрдХрдк्рд░िрдп рдорд░ाрдаी рдЕрднिрдиेрддे рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рдорд░ाрдаी рдЪिрдд्рд░рдкрдЯांрд╕ोрдмрдд рдд्рдпांрдиी рдЕрдиेрдХ рд╣िंрджी рдЪिрдд्рд░рдкрдЯांрддрд╣ी рд╡िрд╡िрдз рднूрдоिрдХा рдХेрд▓्рдпा рдЕрд╕ूрди рджूрд░рдЪिрдд्рд░рд╡ाрдгीрдЪ्рдпा рдЫोрдЯ्рдпा рдкрдбрдж्рдпाрд╡рд░ीрд▓ рд╣рдо рдкांрдЪ рд╕ाрд░рдЦ्рдпा рдоाрд▓िрдХेрдордз्рдпेрд╣ी рдд्рдпांрдиी рдЕрднिрдирдп рдХेрд▓ा. рд▓рдХ्рд╖्рдоीрдХांрдд рдмेрд░्рдбे рдпांрдЪ्рдпाрд╕ोрдмрдд рдорд░ाрдаी рдЪिрдд्рд░рдкрдЯрд╕ृрд╖्рдЯीрддीрд▓ рд╡िрдиोрджी рдЪिрдд्рд░рдкрдЯांрдЪा рдХाрд│ рдЧाрдЬрд╡рдгाрд░े рдЕрд╢ोрдХ рд╕рд░ाрдл рд╣े рдПрдХ рдорд░ाрдаी рд╕ुрдкрд░рд╕्рдЯाрд░ рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рд╕िрдиे рдЕрднिрдиेрдд्рд░ी рдиिрд╡ेрджिрддा рдЬोрд╢ी рд╣्рдпा рд╕рд░ाрдлांрдЪ्рдпा рдкрдд्рдиी рдЕрд╕ूрди рдиाрдЯ्рдп‍рдЕрднिрдиेрддे рд░рдШुрд╡ीрд░ рдиेрд╡рд░ेрдХрд░ рд╣े рдд्рдпांрдЪे рдоाрдоा рд╣ोрддे. рдд्рдпांрдиी рдЕрдиेрдХ рдЪिрдд्рд░рдкрдЯाрдд рд╡िрдиोрджी рднूрдоिрдХा рдХрд░рдг्рдпाрдмрд░ोрдмрд░рдЪ рдХाрд╣ी рдЪिрдд्рд░рдкрдЯाрдд рдЦрд▓рдиाрдпрдХी рддрд╕ेрдЪ рд╡िрд╡िрдз рднूрдоिрдХा рддिрддрдХ्рдпाрдЪ рддाрдХрджीрдиे рд╡ рд░рд╕िрдХांрдЪ्рдпा рдЖрдпुрд╖्рдпрднрд░ рд╕्рдорд░рдгाрдд рд░ाрд╣рддीрд▓ рдЕрд╢ा рд╕ाрдХाрд░рд▓ेрд▓्рдпा рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рдЙрдд्рдХृрд╖्рдЯ рдЕрднिрдирдп, рд╕рд╣рдЬ рд╡िрдиोрдж рдк्рд░рд╡ृрдд्рддी, рдЪेрд╣рд▒्рдпाрд╡рд░ीрд▓ рдХрдоाрд▓ीрдЪे рд╣ाрд╡рднाрд╡, рд╡िрдиोрджाрдЪी рдЕрдЪूрдХ рд╡ेрд│, рдЗрдд्рдпाрджी рдд्рдпांрдЪ्рдпा рдЕрднिрдирдпाрдЪी рд╡ैрд╢िрд╖्рдЯ्рдпे рд╣ोрддी. рдЕрд╢ोрдХ рд╕рд░ाрдл, рд▓рдХ्рд╖्рдоीрдХांрдд рдмेрд░्рдбे, рд╕рдЪिрди рдкिрд│рдЧांрд╡рдХрд░, рдорд╣ेрд╢ рдХोрдаाрд░े рдпा рдЕрднिрдиेрдд्рдпांрдиी рдорд░ाрдаी рдЪिрдд्рд░рдкрдЯाрдордз्рдпे рдлाрд░ рдоोрдаा рдХाрд│ рдЧाрдЬрд╡рд▓ा рдЖрд╣े. рдЪिрдд्рд░рдкрдЯ рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ाрдд рд╕рд░्рд╡ांрдЪे рд▓ाрдбрдХे рдЕрд╢ोрдХрдоाрдоा рдпा рдиाрд╡ाрдиे рддे рдк्рд░рд╕िрдж्рдз рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рдд्рдпांрдиी рдоी рдмрд╣ुрд░ूрдкी рд╣े рдЖрдд्рдордЪрд░िрдд्рд░ рд▓िрд╣िрд▓े рдЖрд╣े. рдУрд│рдЦ рдоूрд│рдЪे рдмेрд│рдЧाрд╡рдЪे рдЕрд╕рдгाрд▒्рдпा рдЕрд╢ोрдХ

Country - Bangladesh

Image
Bangladesh is one of the world's most densely-populated countries, with its people living in a delta of rivers that empty into the Bay of Bengal. Poverty is widespread, but Bangladesh has in recent years reduced population growth and improved health and education. Formerly East Pakistan, Bangladesh came into being only in 1971, when the two parts of Pakistan split after a bitter war which drew in neighbouring India. Bangladesh spent 15 years under military rule and, although democracy was restored in 1990, the political scene remains volatile. Islamist extremism has also been rising in the traditionally tolerant country. Bangladesh is low-lying and vulnerable to flooding and cyclones. It stands to be badly affected by any rise in sea levels. Facts Capital: Dhaka Area: 148,460 sq km Population: 165.1 million Language: Bengali Life expectancy: 71 years (men) 74 years (women) Leaders President: Mohammed Shahabuddin Mohammed Shahabuddin was elected unopposed in the 2023 presidential el

Mumbai Metro Map 2023

Image
 

Pune Metro Map 2023

Image
 

Delhi Metro Map 2023

Image
 

рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддिрдЪрд░िрдд्рд░ - рдбॉ. рдмाрдмाрд╕ाрд╣ेрдм рдЖंрдмेрдбрдХрд░

Image
рдорд╣ाрдд्рдоा рдлुрд▓े рдпांрдиी рджाрдЦрд╡ूрди рджिрд▓्рдпाрдк्рд░рдоाрдгे рдорд╣ाрд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ाрддीрд▓ рд╢ूрдж्рд░ाрддिрд╢ूрдж्рд░ рдмрд╣ुрдЬрди рд╕рдоाрдЬ рд╡рд░्рд╖ाрдиुрд╡рд░्рд╖े рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпा рди्рдпाрдп्рдп рд╣рдХ्рдХांрдкाрд╕ूрди рд╡ंрдЪिрдд рд░ाрд╣िрд▓ा рд╣ोрддा. рдд्рдпाрд▓ा рд╕рд░्рд╡ рд╡ рд╕ंрдзी рдиाрдХाрд░рдг्рдпाрдд рдЖрд▓्рдпा рд╣ोрдд्рдпा. рдпेрдеीрд▓ рд╕рд░्рд╡рдЪ рдмрд╣ुрдЬрди рд╕рдоाрдЬ рд╕ाрдоाрдЬिрдХ рдЕрди्рдпाрдпाрдЪा рдмрд│ी рдард░рд▓ा рд╣ोрддा; рдкрд░ंрддु рдпा рдмрд╣ुрдЬрди рд╕рдоाрдЬाрддрд╣ी рд╕рд░्рд╡ाрдзिрдХ рдЙрдкेрдХ्рд╖िрдд рдЕрд╕ा рдПрдХ рд╡рд░्рдЧ рд╣ोрддा. рддो рдо्рд╣рдгрдЬे, рджрд▓िрдд рдХिंрд╡ा рдкूрд░्рд╡ाрдкाрд░ рдЕрд╕्рдкृрд╢्рдп рдоाрдирд▓्рдпा рдЧेрд▓ेрд▓्рдпा рджुрд░्рджैрд╡ी рд▓ोрдХांрдЪा рд╡рд░्рдЧ рд╣ोрдп. рдпा рд╡рд░्рдЧाрд╡рд░ рд╣ोрдгाрд▒्рдпा рдЕрди्рдпाрдпाрд▓ा рдкाрд░ाрд╡ाрд░рдЪ рдЙрд░рд▓ा рдирд╡्рд╣рддा. рдпा рдЙрдкेрдХ्рд╖िрдд рд╡рд░्рдЧाрд▓ा рди्рдпाрдп рдоिрд│рд╡ूрди рджेрдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рдЖрдкрд▓े рдЖрдпुрд╖्рдп рдЦрд░्рдЪी рдШाрддрд▓ेрд▓े рдеोрд░ рдиेрддे рдбॉ. рдмाрдмाрд╕ाрд╣ेрдм рдЖंрдмेрдбрдХрд░ рд╣े рд╣ोрдд. рдкрд░िрдЪрдп рд╡ рдХाрд░्рдп  рдбॉ. рдмाрдмाрд╕ाрд╣ेрдм рдЖंрдмेрдбрдХрд░ рдпांрдЪे рд╕ंрдкूрд░्рдг рдиाрд╡ рднीрдорд░ाрд╡ рд░ाрдордЬी рдЖंрдмेрдбрдХрд░ рдЕрд╕े рд╣ोрддे. рдд्рдпांрдЪा рдЬрди्рдо рдордз्рдп рдк्рд░рджेрд╢ाрддीрд▓ рдорд╣ू рдпा рдЧाрд╡ी резрек рдПрдк्рд░िрд▓, резреорепрез рд░ोрдЬी рдЭाрд▓ा. рддे рдорд╣ाрд░ рдпा рдЕрд╕्рдкृрд╢्рдп рдоाрдирд▓्рдпा рдЧेрд▓ेрд▓्рдпा рдЬाрддीрдд рдЬрди्рдоाрд▓ा рдЖрд▓े рдЕрд╕рд▓्рдпाрдиे рдд्рдпांрдиा рдкूрд░्рд╡ाрдпुрд╖्рдпाрдд рдЕрдд्рдпंрдд рдк्рд░рддिрдХूрд▓ рдкрд░िрд╕्рдеिрддीрд╢ी рд╕ंрдШрд░्рд╖ рдХрд░ाрд╡ा рд▓ाрдЧрд▓ा рд╣ोрддा. рддрдеाрдкि, рдпा рдкрд░िрд╕्рдеिрддीрд╡рд░рд╣ी рдоाрд░ рдХрд░ूрди рдд्рдпांрдиी рдЖрдкрд▓े рд╢िрдХ्рд╖рдг рдкूрд░्рдг рдХेрд▓े. рдЕрдоेрд░िрдХा, рдЗंрдЧ्рд▓ंрдбрдордзीрд▓ рд╡िрдж्рдпाрдкीрдаांрдЪ्рдпा рдЙрдЪ्рдЪ рдкрджрд╡्рдпा рдд्рдпांрдиी рд╕ंрдкाрджрди рдХेрд▓्рдпा рдЖрдгि рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпा рд╡िрдж्рд╡рдд्рддेрдЪी рдЪрдордХ

рдЖрдзुрдиिрдХ рднाрд░рддाрдЪा рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕, рд▓ेрдЦрдХ - рдХे рд╕ाрдЧрд░, рджрд░्рдЬा - ★★★★★

Image
рдорд╣ाрд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ाрддрд▓्рдпा рд╕ुрдк्рд░рд╕िрдж्рдз MPSC рдпा рд╕्рдкрд░्рдзा рдкрд░ीрдХ्рд╖ा рдо्рд╣рдЯрд▓्рдпा рдХी рдХे рд╕ाрдЧрд░ рдЕрдерд╡ा рдХ्рд╖ीрд░рд╕ाрдЧрд░ рдпांрдЪी рдд्рдпा рд╡िрд╖рдпांрд╡рд░ीрд▓ рдкुрд╕्рддрдХे рдк्рд░рдоाрдг рдоाрдирд▓ी рдЬाрддाрдд. рдоी рд╕्рд╡рдд: рдХाрд╣ी рдЕрд╢ा рд╕्рдкрд░्рдзा рдкрд░ीрдХ्рд╖ांрдд рд╕рд╣рднाрдЧी рдирд╕рд▓ो рддрд░ी рдпा рдкुрд╕्рддрдХांрдЪे рд╡ाрдЪрди рдХрд░ूрди рдЖрдкрд▓े рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдЬ्рдЮाрди рд╡ाрдврд╡рдгे рдорд▓ा рдЖрд╡рдбрддे. рд╡िрд╢ेрд╖рдд: рдЗрддिрд╣ाрдЪे рд╕ंрдХ्рд╖िрдк्рдд рдЖрдгि рд╡рд╕्рддुрдиिрд╖्рда рдЬ्рдЮाрди рдоिрд│рд╡рдг्рдпाрд╕ाрдаी рд╣ी рдкुрд╕्рддрдХे рдЕрдд्рдпंрдд рдЙрдкрдпुрдХ्рдд рдЖрд╣ेрдд. рдХ्рд╖ीрд░рд╕ाрдЧрд░ рдпांрдиी рд╣ी рдкुрд╕्рддрдХे рд▓िрд╣िрддाрдиा рдиिрд╖्рдкрдХ्рд╖рдкрдгे рдд्рдпा рд╡िрд╖рдпाрдЪी рдоाрд╣िрддी рджिрд▓ी рдЖрд╣े. рдд्рдпाрдд рдд्рдпांрдиी рдХुрдард▓्рдпाрд╣ी рдкрдХ्рд╖ाрдЪी рдмाрдЬू рдШेрддрд▓ेрд▓ी рдиाрд╣ी. рдд्рдпाрдоुрд│े рдд्рдпांрдЪ्рдпा рд▓िрдЦाрдгाрд▓ा рд░ाрдЬрдХीрдп рд░ंрдЧ рдЖрд▓ेрд▓ा рдиाрд╣ी.  рдоी рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ рдпा рд╢ृंрдЦрд▓ेрддीрд▓ рдк्рд░ाрдЪीрди рднाрд░рдд, рдордз्рдп рдпुрдЧीрди рднाрд░рдд рдЖрдгि рдЖрдзुрдиिрдХ рднाрд░рдд рдЕрд╕े рд╕рд░्рд╡ рд╕ंрдЪ рд╡ाрдЪрд▓े. рдЖрдкрдг рдЖрдкрд▓ा рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ рдлрдХ्рдд рд╢ाрд│ेрдд рдЕрд╕рддाрдиा рд╢िрдХрддो. рдд्рдпाрд╡ेрд│ी рдЖрдкрдг рд╢ाрд│ेрдЪ्рдпा рдкрд░ीрдХ्рд╖ेрдЪ्рдпा рджрдбрдкрдгाрдЦाрд▓ी рдЕрд╕рддो. рдд्рдпाрдоुрд│े рдд्рдпाрд╡ेрд│ी рддो рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпा рдбोрдХ्рдпाрдд рд╢िрд░рдд рдиाрд╣ी. рдд्рдпा рдЕрдн्рдпाрд╕ाрдЪा рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпाрд▓ा рддिрдЯрдХाрд░ा рдЕрд╕рддो. рд╕рдиाрд╡рд│्рдпा рдкाрда рдХрд░ूрди рд╡ीрдЯ рдЖрд▓ेрд▓ा рдЕрд╕рддो. рдд्рдпाрдоुрд│े рдЖрдкрдг рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ рд╢िрдХрдд рдирд╕ूрди рдлрдХ्рдд рдкрд░िрдХ्рд╖ाрд░्рдеी рдЕрд╕рддो. рдПрдХрджा рдкрд░ीрдХ्рд╖ा рд╕ंрдкрд▓ी рдХी рдЖрдкрдг рд╕рдЧрд│े рд╡िрд╕рд░ूрди рдЬाрддो. рдЖрддा рдоाрдд्рд░ рд╢ाрд│ा рдХॉрд▓ेрдЬрдЪे рдЯेंрди्рд╢рди рд╕ंрдкрд▓्рдпाрд╡рд░ рдЗрддिрд╣ाрд╕ाрдЪा рдЕрдн्рдпाрд╕ рд╕ोрдкा рд╡ाрдЯрддो. рдд्рдпा

рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддिрдЪрд░िрдд्рд░ - рд░ाрдЬрд░्рд╖ी рд╢ाрд╣ू рдорд╣ाрд░ाрдЬ

Image
рдорд╣ाрдд्рдоा рдлुрд▓्рдпांрдиंрддрд░рдЪे рдорд╣ाрд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ाрддीрд▓ рдмрд╣ुрдЬрди рд╕рдоाрдЬाрдЪे рджूрд╕рд░े рдорд╣ाрди рдиेрддे рдо्рд╣рдгूрди рд░ाрдЬрд░्рд╖ी рд╢ाрд╣ू рдорд╣ाрд░ाрдЬ рдпांрдЪा рдЙрд▓्рд▓ेрдЦ рдХрд░ाрд╡ा рд▓ाрдЧрддो. рд░ाрдЬрд░्рд╖ी рд╢ाрд╣ू рдорд╣ाрд░ाрдЬ рдпांрдЪा рдЬрди्рдо реирем рдЬुрд▓ै, резреоренрек рд░ोрдЬी рдЭाрд▓ा. рддे рджрдХ्рд╖िрдг рдорд╣ाрд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ाрддीрд▓ рдХोрд▓्рд╣ाрдкूрд░ рд╕ंрд╕्рдеाрдирдЪे рдЕрдзिрдкрддी рд╣ोрддे. реи рдПрдк्рд░िрд▓, резреорепрек рд░ोрдЬी рдд्рдпांрдиी рдХोрд▓्рд╣ाрдкूрд░ рд░ाрдЬ्рдпाрдЪी рдЕрдзिрдХाрд░рд╕ूрдд्рд░े рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпा рд╣ाрддी рдШेрддрд▓ी. рд░ाрдЬрд░्рд╖ी рд╢ाрд╣ू рдорд╣ाрд░ाрдЬ рд╣े рдк्рд░рдЬाрд╣िрддрджрдХ्рд╖ рд░ाрдЬ्рдпрдХрд░्рддे рд╣ोрддे. рдд्рдпांрдиी рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпा рд╕рдд्рддेрдЪा рд╡ाрдкрд░ рд▓ोрдХрдХрд▓्рдпाрдгाрд╕ाрдаी рдХेрд▓ा. рдд्рдпांрдЪ्рдпा рдХाрд░рдХिрд░्рджीрдд рдХोрд▓्рд╣ाрдкूрд░ рд╕ंрд╕्рдеाрдиाрдд рдЕрдиेрдХ рд╕ुрдзाрд░рдгा рдШрдбूрди рдЖрд▓्рдпा; рдд्рдпाрдоुрд│े рдд्рдпांрдЪी рд░ाрдЬрдХीрдп рдХाрд░рдХीрд░्рдж рдЕрдиेрдХ рдмाрдмीрдд рдЙрд▓्рд▓ेрдЦрдиीрдп рдард░рд▓ी. рд╕рдд्рдпрд╢ोрдзрдХ рдЪрд│рд╡рд│ीрдЪे рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рдЫрдд्рд░рдкрддी рд╢ाрд╣ू рдорд╣ाрд░ाрдЬांрдЪे рд╕рд░्рд╡ांрдд рдЙрд▓्рд▓ेрдЦрдиीрдп рдХाрд░्рдп рдо्рд╣рдгрдЬे рдд्рдпांрдиी рдорд╣ाрд░ाрд╖्рдЯ्рд░ाрддीрд▓ рд╕рдд्рдпрд╢ोрдзрдХ рдЪрд│рд╡рд│ीрдЪे рдХेрд▓ेрд▓े рдиेрддृрдд्рд╡ рд╣े рд╣ोрдп. рдорд╣ाрдд्рдоा рдлुрд▓्рдпांрдЪ्рдпा рдоृрдд्рдпूрдиंрддрд░ рд╕рдд्рдпрд╢ोрдзрдХ рдЪрд│рд╡рд│ рдиिрд╖्рдк्рд░ाрдг рд╣ोрдд рдЪाрд▓рд▓ी рд╣ोрддी; рдкрд░ंрддु рд╢ाрд╣ू рдорд╣ाрд░ाрдЬांрдиी рдпा рдЪрд│рд╡рд│ीрд▓ा рд╕ंрдЬीрд╡рдиी рджेрдКрди рддिрдЪ्рдпाрдд рдирд╡рдЪैрддрди्рдп рдиिрд░्рдоाрдг рдХेрд▓े. рд░ाрдЬрд░्рд╖ी рд╢ाрд╣ू рдорд╣ाрд░ाрдЬ рд╣े рд╕ाрдоाрдЬिрдХ рдЪрд│рд╡рд│ीрдЪ्рдпा рдХ्рд╖ेрдд्рд░ाрддीрд▓ рдорд╣ाрдд्рдоा рдлुрд▓े рдпांрдЪे рдЦрд░े рд╡ाрд░рд╕рджाрд░ рд╣ोрддे. рдорд╣ाрдд्рдоा рдлुрд▓े рдпांрдЪ्рдпाрдк्рд░рдоाрдгेрдЪ рд░ाрдЬрд░्рд╖ी рд╢ाрд╣ूंрдиी рдмрд╣ुрдЬрди рд╕рдоाрдЬाрд▓ा рд╕ंрдШрдЯिрдд рдХрд░ूрди рдд्рдпाрд▓ा

рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддिрдЪрд░िрдд्рд░ - рдЪंрдж्рд░рд╢ेрдЦрд░ рдЖрдЭाрдж

Image
рдпा рдХाрд│ाрддीрд▓ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░рдХ рдЪрд│рд╡рд│ीрдЪे рдЖрдгрдЦी рдПрдХ рдк्рд░рднाрд╡ी рдиेрддे рдо्рд╣рдгूрди рдЪंрдж्рд░рд╢ेрдЦрд░ рдЖрдЭाрдж рдпांрдЪा рдЙрд▓्рд▓ेрдЦ рдХेрд▓ा рдкाрд╣िрдЬे. рдЪंрдж्рд░рд╢ेрдЦрд░ рдЖрдЭाрдж рд╣े рджेрдЦीрд▓ рд╕рд░рджाрд░ рднрдЧрддрд╕िंрдЧ рдпांрдЪे рдПрдХ рдк्рд░рдоुрдЦ рд╕ाрдеीрджाрд░ рд╣ोрддे. 'рд╣िंрджुрд╕्рдеाрди рд╕ोрд╢ॅрд▓िрд╕्рдЯ рд░िрдкрдм्рд▓िрдХрди рдЖрд░्рдоी' рдпा рд╕ंрдШрдЯрдиेрдЪे рддे рдиेрддे рд╣ोрддे. рдЪंрджрд╢ेрдЦрд░ рдЖрдЭाрдж рдпांрдиी рд╕рд░рдХाрд░рд╡िрд░ुрдж्рдз рдЕрдиेрдХ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░рдХ рдХाрд░рд╡ाрдпांрдордз्рдпे рднाрдЧ рдШेрддрд▓ा рд╣ोрддा. рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ाрд╕्рдд्рд░े рддрдпाрд░ рдХрд░рдгे, рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рдЦрдЬिрди्рдпांрдЪी рд▓ूрдЯ рдХрд░рдгे, рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рдЕрдзिрдХाрд▒्рдпांрд╡рд░ рд╣рд▓्рд▓े рдХрд░рдгे рдпांрд╕ाрд░рдЦे рдХाрд░्рдпрдХ्рд░рдо рдЖрдЭाрдж рд╡ рдд्рдпांрдЪ्рдпा рд╕рд╣рдХाрд▒्рдпांрдиी рд╣ाрддी рдШेрддрд▓े рд╣ोрддे. рдХाрдХोрд░ी рдХрдЯ рдЦрдЯрд▓ा рдЪंрджрд╢ेрдЦрд░ рдЖрдЭाрдж рдпांрдЪे рдиाрд╡ рдХाрдХोрд░ी рдХрдЯ рдЦрдЯрд▓्рдпाрдЪ्рдпा рдиिрдоिрдд्рддाрдиे рдк्рд░рдердо рд▓ोрдХांрдкुрдвे рдЖрд▓े. реп рдСрдЧрд╕्рдЯ резрепреирел рд░ोрдЬी рдЪंрдж्рд░рд╢ेрдЦрд░ рдЖрдЭाрдж, рд░ाрдо рдк्рд░рд╕ाрдж рдмिрд╕्рдоिрд▓, рд░ाрдЬेंрдж्рд░рдиाрде рд▓ाрд╣िрдбी, рд░ोрд╢рдирд╕िंрд╣ рдаाрдХूрд░, рдЕрд╢рдлाрдХू рдЙрд▓्рд▓ा рдЦाрди рдЗрдд्рдпाрджी рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░рдХांрдиी рдХाрдХोрд░ी рд░ेрд▓्рд╡े рд╕्рдЯेрд╢рдирдЬрд╡рд│ рд░ेрд▓्рд╡ेрдЧाрдбी рдЕрдбрд╡ूрди рд╕рд░рдХाрд░ी рдЦрдЬिрди्рдпाрдЪी рд▓ूрдЯ рдХेрд▓ी. рд╕рд░рдХाрд░рдиे рдпा рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░рдХांрдиा рдкрдХрдбूрди рдд्рдпांрдЪ्рдпाрд╡рд░ рдЦрдЯрд▓ा рднрд░рд▓ा. рд╣ा рдЦрдЯрд▓ा 'рдХाрдХोрд░ी рдХрдЯ рдЦрдЯрд▓ा' рдпा рдиाрд╡ाрдиे рдк्рд░рд╕िрдж्рдз рдЖрд╣े. рдпा рдЦрдЯрд▓्рдпाрддीрд▓ рдХाрд╣ी рдЖрд░ोрдкींрдиा рдлाрд╢ीрдЪी рддрд░ рдЗрддрд░ांрдиा рдЬрди्рдордаेрдкेрдЪी рд╢िрдХ्рд╖ा рдЭाрд▓ी. рдЪंрдж्рд░рд╢ेрдЦрд░ рдЖрдЭाрдж рд╣े рдоाрдд्рд░ рдкोрд▓िрд╕ांрдЪ्рдпा рд╣ाрддी рд▓ाрдЧрд▓े рдиाрд╣ीрдд. рдд्рдпां

рд╡्рдпрдХ्рддिрдЪрд░िрдд्рд░ - рд╕рд░рджाрд░ рднрдЧрддрд╕िंрдЧ

Image
рд╕рд░рджाрд░ рднрдЧрддрд╕िंрдЧ рдпांрдиा 'рднाрд░рддीрдп рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░рдХांрдЪे рдоेрд░ुрдордгी' рдЕрд╕े рдо्рд╣рдЯрд▓े рдЬाрддे. рднाрд░рддीрдп рд╕्рд╡ाрддंрдд्рд░्рдпрд▓рдв्рдпाрддीрд▓ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░ी рдЪрд│рд╡рд│ींрдордз्рдпे рднрдЧрддрд╕िंрдЧांрдЪे рд╕्рдеाрди рдЕрдЧ्рд░рднाрдЧी рдЖрд╣े. рдд्рдпांрдЪे рд╕ंрдкूрд░्рдг рдШрд░ाрдгेрдЪ рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░рдХ рдо्рд╣рдгूрди рдк्рд░рд╕िрдж्рдз рд╣ोрддे. рдкंрдЬाрдмрдордзीрд▓ рдк्рд░рд╕िрдж्рдз рдХ्рд░ांрддिрдХाрд░рдХ рдЕрдЬिрддрд╕िंрдЧ рд╣े рдд्рдпांрдЪे рдЪुрд▓рддे рд╣ोрдд. рднрдЧрддрд╕िंрдЧांрдЪे рд╡рдбीрд▓ рдХिрд╕рдирд╕िंрдЧ рд╡ рдЖрдгрдЦी рдПрдХ рдЪुрд▓рддे рд╣े рджेрдЦीрд▓ рд╕्рд╡ाрддंрдд्рд░्рдпрд▓рдв्рдпाрдд рд╕рд╣рднाрдЧी рдЭाрд▓े рд╣ोрддे. рднрдЧрддрд╕िंрдЧ рдпांрдЪ्рдпाрд╡рд░ рд╕рдоाрдЬрд╡ाрджी рд╡िрдЪाрд░рд╕рд░рдгीрдЪा рдк्рд░рднाрд╡ рд╣ोрддा. рд╕्рд╡рддंрдд्рд░ рднाрд░рддाрдд рд╕рдоाрдЬрд╡ाрджी рдкрдж्рдзрддीрдЪी рд╕рдоाрдЬрд░рдЪрдиा рдиिрд░्рдоाрдг рд╡्рд╣ाрд╡ी, рдЕрд╢ी рдд्рдпांрдЪी рдЕрдкेрдХ्рд╖ा рд╣ोрддी. рдЗंрдЧ्рд░рдЬ рд░ाрдЬ्рдпрдХрд░्рдд्рдпांрдиा рдЖрдкрд▓्рдпा рджेрд╢ाрддूрди рд╣ाрдХрд▓ूрди рд▓ाрд╡рдгे рд╣े рдЖрдкрд▓े рдЖрдж्рдп рдХрд░्рддрд╡्рдп рдЖрд╣े; рддрдеाрдкि, рд╕्рд╡рддंрдд्рд░ рднाрд░рддाрдд рдЧोрд░рдЧрд░ीрдм-рдХрд╖्рдЯрдХрд░ी рдЬрдирддेрд▓ा рди्рдпाрдп рдоिрд│ेрд▓ рдЕрд╢ी рд╕рдоाрдЬрд╡्рдпрд╡рд╕्рдеा рдиिрд░्рдоाрдг рдХрд░рдгे рд╣ीрджेрдЦीрд▓ рдЖрдкрд▓ी рдЬрдмाрдмрджाрд░ी рдЖрд╣े, рдЕрд╕े рдд्рдпांрдЪे рдо्рд╣рдгрдгे рд╣ोрддे. рднрдЧрддрд╕िंрдЧ рдпांрдЪा рд╕рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ рдХ्рд░ांрддीрдЪ्рдпा рдоाрд░्рдЧाрд╡рд░ рд╡िрд╢्рд╡ाрд╕ рд╣ोрддा. рдЬुрд▓рдоी рдЗंрдЧ्рд░рдЬ рд░ाрдЬ्рдпрдХрд░्рдд्рдпांрд╢ी рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ांрдЪ्рдпा рдоाрд░्рдЧाрдиेрдЪ рдоुрдХाрдмрд▓ा рдХेрд▓ा рдкाрд╣िрдЬे; рдХाрд░рдг рдд्рдпांрдиा рдХेрд╡рд│ рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ांрдЪीрдЪ рднाрд╖ा рд╕рдордЬрддे, рдЕрд╕े рдд्рдпांрдиी рдо्рд╣рдЯрд▓े рд╣ोрддे. рд╕рд╢рд╕्рдд्рд░ рдХ्рд░ांрддीрд╢िрд╡ाрдп рджेрд╢ाрд▓ा рддрд░рдгोрдкाрдп рдиाрд╣ी, рдЕрд╕े рдд्рдпांрдЪे рдаाрдо рдордд рд╣ोрддे. рд╣िंрджुрд╕्рдеाрди рд╕ोрд╢ॅ